Fig 1.
Location map of the study area.
Fig 2.
Cradle-to-gate system boundary of the study.
Table 1.
Name and address of the selected match industries visited for LCI for the present study.
Fig 3.
Relative contribution per process (in %) to various environmental impacts.
Table 2.
Life Cycle Inventory for one carton of matches’ production by match industries in KP during 2019–2020.
Fig 4.
Energy consumption calculated through Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) indicator.
Fig 5.
Relative percent contribution of each category to total cumulative energy demand.
Table 3.
Summary of categories related to CED indicator and associated hotspots in match production.
Fig 6.
Relative contribution per process (in %) to water scarcity index
Table 4.
Water scarcity index (WSI) of one carton match production in KP province.
Table 5.
Comparative environmental impacts assessment of baseline results with the results obtained by 20% and 30% reductions in the primary material (wood logs) transport, respectively.
Table 6.
Comparative energy consumptions of baseline results with the results obtained by 20% and 30% reductions in cumulative energy demand respectively.