Fig 1.
Facial sedation scale in horses (FaceSed).
Table 1.
Content validity of FaceSed developed to evaluate the degree of sedation in horses.
Table 2.
Intra-rater reliability of FaceSed and numerical rating scales between the first and second observations (confidence interval).
Table 3.
Inter-rater matrix comparison of FaceSed and numerical rating scale scores among all evaluators.
Table 4.
Responsiveness of FaceSed, numerical rating scale, and HHAG% over time and between treatments.
Fig 2.
FaceSed (A) and numerical rating scale (B) scores before and after grouped treatments (ACPL, ACPH, DL, DLM, DH, and DHM).
ACPL + ACPH—low and high dose acepromazine, DL + DLM—low dose detomidine and associated with methadone, DH and DHM—high dose detomidine and associated with methadone. Different symbols indicate significant differences between them (p<0.05). † > ‡> § >¶.
Table 5.
Load values, eigenvalues, and variance of FaceSed items by principal component analysis.
Fig 3.
FaceSed principal component analysis biplot.
Confidence ellipses were built according to the moments before and after sedation. Baseline (green); Peak of sedation (red); Intermediate (purple); End of sedation (blue). The ellipses on the left represent the absence or end of sedation and on the right represent the peak or intermediate sedation. The time-points peak and intermediate sedation influence all items on the scale since their vectors are directed to these ellipses.
Table 6.
Spearman item-total correlation and internal consistency of each FaceSed item.
Table 7.
FaceSed sensitivity and specificity.
Fig 4.
Area under the curve (AUC) and two-graph ROC curve with the diagnostic uncertainty zone.
Interpretation of AUC: > 0.90 presents high discriminatory capacity. The two-graph ROC curve estimates the diagnostic uncertainty zone of the cut-off point according to the Youden index.
Fig 5.
Frequency distribution of FaceSed scores before and after sedation/tranquilisation.
ACPL + ACPH—acepromazine in low and high doses, DL + DLM—detomidine in low dose and associated with methadone, DH and DHM—detomidine in high dose and associated with methadone.