Fig 1.
The flow chart of the search for eligible studies.
PRISMA flow diagram with the process of identification, screening, eligibility, and included studies in systematic review and meta-analysis. n number of studies. * The additional studies were identified from the EMF research databases (www.emf-portal.org) and the references list of the retrieved studies.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
Table 2.
Absolute numbers of childhood cancer cases and controls by study and exposure level.
Table 3.
Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment of the quality for the included studies.
Fig 2.
Forest plot and funnel plot of exposure to ELF-MFs and risk of childhood leukemia.
The pooled odds ratio of childhood leukemia by each exposure level of ELF-MFs: A 0.2-μT exposure level; B 0.3-μT exposure level; C 0.4-μT exposure level.
Fig 3.
Forest plot and funnel plot of exposure to ELF-MFs and risk of childhood brain tumor.
The pooled odds ratio of childhood brain tumor by each exposure level of ELF-MFs: A 0.2-μT exposure level; B 0.4-μT exposure level.
Fig 4.
Forest plot and funnel plot of exposure to ELF-MFs and risk of any childhood cancer.
The pooled odds ratio of any childhood cancer by each exposure level of ELF-MFs: A 0.2-μT exposure level; B 0.4-μT exposure level.