Fig 1.
The figure was previously published in “Feeding infants formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membrane: A double-blind randomized controlled trial”. Li, et al. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:347.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the formula-fed and breastfed groups.
Fig 2.
At 4 months of age cytokine concentrations were analyzed in 98 infants in the breastfed (BF) group, 99 infants in the standard formula (SF) group, 99 infants in the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) group and 100 infants in the Lactobacillus F19 (F19) group. The MFGM group had lower IL-2 (p = 0.028, effect size 0.34) and IL-17A concentrations (p = 0.014, effect size 0.31) compared with SF. IL-2 concentrations were greater in the F19 compared with the SF group (p = 0.024, effect size 0.14) whereas the IFN-γ concentrations were lower (p = 0.008, effect size 0.39). Scatterplots show median, 25th and 75th percentile. *p<0.05 **p<0.005.
Table 2.
Concentration of specific IgG antibody responses to oral poliovirus (OPV) and to diphtheria vaccines in serum before and 4 weeks after the third dose of OPV (i.e. at 3 and 4 months of age) and the second dose of diphtheria (i.e at 4 and 5 months of age), respectively.