Table 1.
Overview of the primers used in this study.
Fig 1.
Laminar flow induces morphological changes and increases expression of key regulators of the shear stress response in GEnC.
mGEnCs were cultured under static conditions or under a laminar flow of 5 dyn/cm2 for 7 days. Representative brightfield images (A) and representative fluorescent images of β-actin filaments stained with Phalloidin-TRITC (B). Arrows indicate the direction of the flow. mRNA expression levels of the shear stress responsive genes KLF2 (C) and CYP1B1 (D) in mGEnCs cultured under either static conditions or flow. *** p<0.001.
Fig 2.
Laminar flow increases NO production in GEnCs.
mGEnCs were cultured either under static conditions or under a laminar flow of 5 dyn/cm2 for 7 days. Representative images of stainings for NO (probed with DAF-FM diacetate) (A), iNOS (E) and eNOS (G) of mGEnC cultured under static (left panel) or flow (right panel). Arrows indicate the direction of the flow applied. Quantification of the fluorescent intensity of NO (B), iNOS (F) and eNOS (H) staining, respectively. mRNA expression levels of iNOS (C) and eNOS (D) in mGEnCs cultured under either static conditions or flow. * p<0.05 ** p<0.01.
Fig 3.
Laminar flow alters the composition of the endothelial glycocalyx.
mGEnCs were cultured under static conditions or under a laminar flow of 5 dyn/cm2 for 7 days. Representative images for the HS staining with JM403 (A) or WGA (C) under static (left panel) or flow (right panel). Arrows indicate the direction of the flow applied. Quantification of the fluorescent intensity of the JM403 (B) and WGA (D) staining. mRNA expression levels of HPSE (E), EXT1 (F), EXT2 (G), NDST1 (H), NDST2 (I), HAS1 (J), HAS2 (K), HYAL1 (L) and HYAL2 (M) in mGEnCs cultured under either static conditions or flow. * p<0.05 ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001.
Fig 4.
Laminar flow increases the expression of anti-oxidant genes and decreases the inflammatory basal state of GEnC.
mGEnC were cultured under static conditions or under a laminar flow of 5 dyn/cm2 for 7 days. mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 (A) HO-1 (B), NQO1 (C) and ICAM-1 (D) in mGEnCs cultured under either static conditions or flow. mRNA expression levels of ICAM-1 (E) and iNOS (F) in mGEnCs cultured under static conditions and under flow, either unstimulated or stimulated with 10ng/mL TNFα for 18hrs * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.