Fig 1.
The flowchart of the EMD-QPSO-LSSVM method.
Fig 2.
Flow chart of the parameters of the LSSVM model optimization by QPSO algorithm.
Table 1.
Ship collision conflicts in the Taiwan Strait in 2014.
Fig 3.
Schematic diagram of the EMD components.
Fig 4.
The prediction results of the GM and LSSVM for the ship collision conflicts dataset.
Table 2.
The result of 9-fold cross-validation.
Fig 5.
The prediction of the LSSVM for each IMF component.
Fig 6.
The final prediction of the EMD-LSSVM for the original ship collision conflict numbers.
Table 3.
Statistical analysis on the performance of the proposed method.
Fig 7.
Comparison between EMD-QPSO -LSSVM and EMD-ENN for the original ship collision conflict numbers.
Table 4.
Comparison between different methods.
Table 5.
Influence of the embedded dimension on the error measures.