Fig 1.
Photograph of one of the large Parinari excelsa (Chrysobalanaceae) trees sampled in the tea plantation near Monga in the East Usambara Mts, Tanzania.
Fig 2.
Photograph showing a cluster of Milicia excelsa (arrows) and Grevillea robusta (diamonds) legacy trees in the tea plantation near Mbomole-Derema in the East Usambara Mts, Tanzania.
Table 1.
General characteristics of the 29 legacy trees, including seed dispersal mode, year sampled, height, DBH and crown area in tea plantations in the East Usambara Mts, Tanzania.
Table 2.
Correlation of PCA axis 1 and 2 and richness and abundance of seedling recruits under 29 isolated trees in tea plantations in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania.
Table 3.
Mean number (±SE) of species (Richness) and abundance (Abund; number of recruits) of seedling recruits under exotic and native legacy trees in tea plantations in the East Usambara Mts, Tanzania.
Fig 3.
Trait loading of PCA axes 1 and 2 of an ordination based on six attributes for 29 legacy trees in tea plantations in East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania.
Fig 4.
Plot scores of the PCA axes 1 and 2 of an ordination based on six traits for 29 legacy trees in tea plantations in East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania.
Exotic trees are shown in blue font and natives in two types of green font, the khaki green emphasizing Milicia excelsa. Abbreviations for tree species names are in Table 1.
Fig 5.
Regression of abundance of pioneer recruits under 29 native (green) or exotic (blue) legacy trees as a function of PCA axis 1.
Value of R2, regression line, and equation are shown. Abbreviations for tree species names are in Table 1.
Fig 6.
Regression of abundance of recruits under 29 native (green) or exotic (blue) legacy trees as a function of PCA axis 2.
Value of R2, regression line, and equation are shown. Abbreviations for tree species names are in Table 1.
Fig 7.
Regression of abundance of recruits dispersed by animals under 29 native (green) or exotic (blue) legacy trees as a function of PCA axis 2.
Value of R2, regression line, and equation are shown. Abbreviations for tree species names are in Table 1.
Fig 8.
Regression of abundance of non-pioneer recruits dispersed by animals under 29 native (green) or exotic (blue) legacy trees as a function of PCA axis 2.
Value of R2, regression line, and equation are shown. Abbreviations for tree species names are in Table 1.
Fig 9.
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis for abundance of recruits under 29 native (green), native Milicia excelsa (red) and exotic (blue) legacy trees in tea plantations in the East Usambara Mts, Tanzania. Abbreviations for tree species are in Table 1.
Fig 10.
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis for abundance of recruit species dispersed by bird under the native (green, multiple species), native Milicia excelsa (red) and exotic (blue) legacy trees in tea plantations in the East Usambara Mts, Tanzania. Abbreviations for tree species names are in Table 1.
Fig 11.
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis for abundance of recruit species dispersed by birds-primates-bats under the native (green, multiple species), native Milicia excelsa (red) and exotic (blue) legacy trees in tea plantations in the East Usambara Mts, Tanzania. Abbreviations for tree species names are in Table 1.