Fig 1.
The model of cognitive decision-making processes in indoor bouldering (retrieved and adapted from Memmert [20]).
Table 1.
Subject characteristics of the novice group (NOV), the intermediate group (INT), and the advanced group (ADV).
Fig 2.
The bouldering task in Experiment 1 (RH: Right hand; LH: Left hand; RF: Right foot; LF: Left foot).
Two handholds marked the starting position (i.e., handhold number 1 and 2) and the last hold (i.e., handhold number 8) marked the top. The experts’ best solution is displayed in the movement pattern.
Table 2.
Study results of the novice group (NOV), the intermediate group (INT), and the advanced group (ADV) in Experiment 1.
Fig 3.
The bouldering task in Experiment 2 (RH: Right hand; LH: Left hand; RF: Right foot; LF: Left foot).
In contrast to Experiment 1, the handhold number seven was removed and the handhold number four was replaced by a smaller handhold, which was set closer to the handhold number three. Experts also set a total of three error grips (i.e., marked in red colour), which were impossible to grasp and did not contribute to the completion of the task. The experts’ best solution is displayed in the movement pattern.
Table 3.
Study results of the novice group (NOV), the intermediate group (INT), and the advanced group (ADV) in Experiment 2.
Fig 4.
The bouldering task in Experiment 3 (RH: Right hand; LH: Left hand).
The task was set with many climbing holds varying in size, shape, and colour. Experts marked the two handholds of the starting position (RH on handhold number 1 and LH on handhold number 2) and the last hold (handhold number 9). Between these marked handholds, participants were free to integrate any handholds into their ascent-tactics. The handholds of the experts’ best solution are marked in green colour and key grips (i.e., not part of the best solution but unchallenging to grasp and thus considered as valid alternative ascent-tactic) in orange colour.
Table 4.
Study results of the novice group (NOV), the intermediate group (INT), and the advanced group (ADV) in Experiment 3.