Fig 1.
Geographical location of the studied communities in the Darién region, Panama.
The Map was created using the software ArcGIS Desktop 10.7.1 and ArcGIS Online.
Table 1.
Epidemiological information from the studied communities in Darién, 2016.
Table 2.
Abundance and natural Plasmodium vivax infection in mosquitoes collected in Darién, Panama.
Table 3.
Number of Anopheles species captured in the intradomicile and peridomicile in the communities sampled in the Darien Region, Panama.
Fig 2.
Biting activity per hour of Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi in five communities of the Darien region, between March and November 2016 (geometric mean ± 95% confidence interval).
Fig 3.
Biting activity per hour of Anopheles (Nys.) albimanus in five communities of the Darien region, between March and November 2016 (geometric mean ± 95% confidence interval).
Fig 4.
Behavior of the monthly density of Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi in five communities of the Darien region, between March and November 2016 (geometric mean ± 95% confidence interval).
Fig 5.
Behavior of the monthly density of Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi in five communities of the Darien region, between March and November 2016 (geometric mean ± 95% confidence interval).
Table 4.
Number of Anopheles mosquito species captured with protective human-baited capture and CDC light traps per month in the communities under study in the Darien Region, Panama, 2016.
Table 5.
Plasmodium vivax prevalence and positive pool numbers from An. (Nys.) albimanus and An. (Nys.) darlingi mosquitoes collected in Darien, Panama.
Fig 6.
Nested PCR agarose gel electrophoresis to detect infection by Plasmodium spp. in pool of Anopheles spp. TM: DNA ladder (100bp, Qiagen), Pf: P. falciparum positive control (205 bp), Pv: P. vivax positive control (120 pb), Lane 1,3,6,8,9: pool samples of An. (Nys.) albimanus negative, lane 2,10,11,12,13: pool sample of An. (Nys.) darlingi negative, lane 4 and 5: pool sample An. (Nys.) darlingi positive for P. vivax, lane 7: pool sample An. (Nys.) albimanus positive for P. vivax, CN: negative control of PCR.
Fig 7.
Phylogenetic analysis of P. vivax CSP gene.
The phylogeny tree was constructed with the neighbor-joining method with the JTT (John Taylor Torton) model using the MEGA 3 program.