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Fig 1.

Flowchart of the experiments.

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Fig 2.

Comparison of the HRV parameters among the control (C), pure essential oil (sandalwood, S), and blended essential oil (sandalwood and lavender, SL) treatments (Mean ± SE; * P < 0.05).

(A) Mean heart rate; (B) SDNN; (C) Normalized LF; (D) Normalized HF; (E) Normalized HF.

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Table 1.

Comparison of post-exercise changes in HRV parameters among the control, pure essential oil (sandalwood), and blended essential oil (lavender essential oil) treatments (N = 43).

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Table 1 Expand

Table 2.

Comparison of post-exercise changes in HRV parameters among the control, pure essential oil (sandalwood), and blended essential oil (sandalwood and lavender) treatments in participants with a low stress level (n = 27).

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Table 2 Expand

Table 3.

Comparison of post-exercise changes in HRV parameters among the control, pure essential oil (sandalwood), and blended essential oil (sandalwood and lavender) treatments in participants with medium to high levels of stress (n = 16).

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Table 3 Expand