Fig 1.
Living specimens of Neosadocus.
A, C, E: males; B, D, F: females. A–B. N. bufo. C–D. N. robustus. E–F. N. maximus. All specimens from Brazil, state of São Paulo. N. bufo specimens from Cotia, Portal do Quilombo; N. robustus specimens from Ribeirão Grande, Waterfall trail at Maciel; N. maximus specimens from Ubatuba, Fazenda Angelim. Photographs A–D by D. Castro-Pereira; photographs E–F by R. Pinto-da-Rocha.
Fig 2.
Distribution of Neosadocus species.
The map indicates localities of specimens collected and used in our morphological and molecular analyses, and locality data of type material and literature records of collection sites. Question marks (?): doubtful records. Map elaborated with free, public shapefiles available on DIVA-GIS software website [https://www.diva-gis.org/].
Table 1.
Geographic information, MZSP voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers of the outgroup species and Neosadocus specimens used in this work.
Fig 3.
Illustrations of the dorsal habitus of Neosadocus males, with dorsal scutum, free tergites, segments I–II of chelicerae, and coxae of pedipalps and legs I–IV.
A. N. bufo. B. N. robustus. C. N. maximus. Scale bars: 3 mm.
Fig 4.
Neosadocus bufo (“Bunoweyhia” variabilis male lectotype, MNRJ 41803).
A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. D–E. Right trochanter–patella IV (D: retrodorsal view; E: prolateral view). Scale bar: 3 mm.
Fig 5.
Neosadocus bufo (“Bunoweyhia” variabilis female paralectotype, MNRJ 41803).
A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. D–E. Right trochanter–patella IV (D: retrolateral view; E: prolateral view). Scale bars: 3 mm.
Fig 6.
Neosadocus robustus (Ilhania robusta male lectotype, MNRJ 42289).
A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. D–E. Right trochanter–patella IV (D: retrolateral view; E: prolateral view). Scale bars: 3 mm.
Fig 7.
Neosadocus robustus (Ilhania robusta female paralectotype, MNRJ 42289).
A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. D–E. Right trochanter–patella IV (D: retrolateral view; E: prolateral view). Scale bars: 3 mm.
Fig 8.
Neosadocus maximus (male voucher specimen, MZSP 76344).
A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. D–E. Right trochanter–femur IV (D: retrolateral view; E: prolateral view). Scale bars: 3 mm.
Fig 9.
Neosadocus maximus (“Bunoweyhia” minor female paralectotype, MNRJ 41806).
A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. D–E. Right trochanter–patella IV (D: retrodorsal view; E: retrolateral view). Scale bars: 3 mm.
Fig 10.
Neosadocus misandrus (Metagonyleptes misandrus female holotype, IBSP 12).
A. Dorsal view. B. Left lateral view. C–D. Right trochanter–patella IV (C: retroventral view; D: dorsal view). Scale bars: 3 mm.
Fig 11.
Male genitalia of Neosadocus species.
A, D, G: dorsal view; B, E, H: left lateral view; C, F, I: ventral view. A–C. N. bufo (voucher specimen MZSP 76295). D–F. N. robustus (voucher specimen MZSP 76362). G–I. N. maximus (voucher specimen MZSP 76336). Scale bars: 100 μm.
Fig 12.
Topologies recovered under Bayesian inference analyses with MrBayes.
On the left, topology inferred for COI sequences; on the right, for ITS2 sequences. In the nodes, the posterior probability values; black circles represent posterior probability > 0.95.
Fig 13.
Multilocus calibrated tree obtained with *BEAST.
The time scale is represented in millions of years. In the nodes, the posterior probability values; black circles represent posterior probability = 1. Blue bars show the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals.
Fig 14.
Haplotype networks and structure obtained with BAPS.
The colors represent the genetic clusters indicated for COI sequences: N. bufo = B1–B4; N. maximus = M1–M2; N. robustus = R1–R6 (the information was extrapolated for ITS2 data, which exhibited a less marked subdivision). In the map, the main rivers and Areas of Endemism (AoEs) mentioned in the discussion are shown (LSRJ = Southern Rio de Janeiro Coast; SMSP = Serra do Mar of São Paulo; SSP = Southern São Paulo; PR = Paraná; SC = Santa Catarina; adapted from [20]). Map elaborated with free, public shapefiles available on DIVA-GIS software website [https://www.diva-gis.org/].
Table 2.
Haplotype and nucleotide diversities for each Neosadocus species (gray lines) and per location (under species indices).