Table 1.
List of the samples, voucher, and GenBank accessions numbers for the species used in the phylogenetic analysis.
Fig 1.
Botanical illustration of Cyperus prophyllatus, sp. nov. Drawn by Darli Nuza from holotype A.R.O. Ribeiro et al. 487 (CVRD).
(A) Plant habit showing floating rhizome leptomorph. (B) Detail of leaf exposing the leaf sheath below, ligule at middle, and leaf blade above. (C) Inflorescence. (D) Detail of spike on ultimate order of the inflorescence. (E) Spikelet prophyll with a corky rachilla articulation persistent at base. (F) Spikelet. (G) Achene with trifid style persistent on apex.
Fig 2.
Photographs of Cyperus prophyllatus, sp. nov. Taken from holotype A.R.O. Ribeiro et al. 487 (CVRD).
(A–B) Floating population in its natural habitat. (C–D) Leaves in spiral phyllotaxis spacing along the culm. (E–F) Leptomorph floating rhizome. (E) Detail showing cataphylls and roots. (F) Cross section revealing hollow internode. (G) Ligule with ciliate hairs at apex. (H) Inflorescence with detail of ultimate order branch below. (I) Spikelets showing its prophyll attached at base. (J) Detail of protuberant rachilla articulation persistent at the base of the spikelet prophyll. (K) Achene with style persistent at apex. Scale bars: G, I–K = 1 mm.
Fig 3.
Distribution map of Cyperus prophyllatus, sp. nov., and allied species.
Fig 4.
50% majority consensus BI tree, including Cyperus prophyllatus and allied species.
This BI tree is resulting from the combined dataset analysis with the associated posterior probability (PP) values and the bootstrap values of the ML tree. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.75 and bootstrap values greater than 70% are shown. The newly described Cyperus prophyllatus is indicated in bold.
Fig 5.
Micrographs taken by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) from leaves and spikelets of Cyperus prophyllatus, sp. nov. Taken from holotype A.R.O. Ribeiro et al. 487 (CVRD).
(A–C) Leaf blade. (A) Adaxial surface. (B) Abaxial surface. (C) Leaf blade margin surface viewed from the abaxial side. (D) Ligule surface viewed from the adaxial side. (E) Spikelet prophyll surface viewed from the abaxial side showing a protuberant articulation at base, ciliate single-celled hairs at the margins, and some glumes above the prophyll apex. (F–H) Glume surface viewed from the abaxial side. (F) View of glume showing ciliate single-celled hairs at the margins, the glabrous mucron at the apex, and the style arising from the glume axil. (G) Detail of glume epidermis showing rows of thick-walled epidermal cells tabular or square-shaped and the common epidermal cells. (H) Detail of glume mucron showing stomata. CC = common epidermal cell, CH = ciliate single-celled hair, Es = Stomate, G = Glume, M = mucron, Pk = prickle, RA = rachilla articulation, SP = spikelet prophyll, St = Style, TW = thick-walled epidermal cell. Scale bars: A, B, D, G = 10 μm. C = 50 μm. E–F = 100 μm. H = 20 μm.
Fig 6.
Micrographs taken by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) from the achene surface of Cyperus prophyllatus, sp. nov. Taken from holotype A.R.O. Ribeiro et al. 487 (CVRD).
(A) Entire view showing style persistent at apex. (B) Achene apex. (C) Achene base. (D) Detail of the Achene surface. Scale bars: A. 100 μm. B–C. 50 μm. D. 10 μm.
Fig 7.
Light micrographs of transverse sections from the leaf blades of Cyperus prophyllatus, sp. nov. Taken from holotype A.R.O. Ribeiro et al. 487 (CVRD).
(A) Midrib. (B) Detail of air lacuna showing braciform cells. (C) Arm of the leaf blade. (D) Leaf blade margin and its edge. (E) Detail of prickle double walled with thickened outer wall. AL = air lacuna, Bu = bulliform cell, Bra = braciform cell, CP = chlorophyll parenchyma, FC = fibre cap, Pk = prickle, V1 = 1st order vascular bundle, V2 = 2nd order vascular bundle, V3 = 3rd order vascular bundle, WP = colorless parenchyma. Scale bars: A, C–E = 100 μm. B = 50 μm.
Table 2.
Comparison of Cyperus prophyllatus with allied species in C. sect. Oxycaryum.