Fig 1.
Titanium insert and zirconia abutment.
(A) Schematic diagram. (B) Specimen design. X, Axial height of the titanium insert. Y, Labial height of the zirconia abutment (Unit: ㎜).
Fig 2.
Fracture load test using universal testing machine.
(A) Angle of force. (B) Clinical photograph of the fracture load test.
Fig 3.
(A) Initial deformation load. (B) Fracture load. N: Newton.
Fig 4.
Box plot of the initial deformation load.
(A) Comparison of five groups. (B) Comparison according to the axial height. X axis of the graph: group, Y axis of the graph: Newton.
Fig 5.
Box plot of the initial deformation load by the labial height.
Comparison according to the labial height of the zirconia abutment. X axis of the graph: group, Y axis of the graph: Newton.
Table 1.
Initial deformation load in each group according to the axial height of the titanium insert.
Table 2.
Multiple pairwise comparisons of the initial deformation load by the axial height of the titanium insert.
Fig 6.
Box plot of the fracture load test.
(A) Comparison of five groups. (B) Comparison according to the axial height. X axis of the graph: group, Y axis of the graph: Newton.
Fig 7.
Box plot of the fracture load test by the labial height.
Comparison according to the labial height of the zirconia abutment. X axis of the graph: group, Y axis of the graph: Newton.
Table 3.
Fracture load in each group according to the axial height of the titanium insert.
Table 4.
Multiple pairwise comparisons of the fracture load by the axial height of the titanium insert.
Fig 8.
Fracture pattern of the zirconia abutment after the fracture load test.
(A) Partial fracture. (B) Exfoliation.
Table 5.
Fracture pattern distributions in each group.
Fig 9.
SEM images of the implant surface after the fracture load test.
(A-D) Gr1. (E-H) Gr2. (I-L) Gr3. (M-P) Gr4. (Q-T) Gr5. Arrow, crack in the titanium insert. Asterisk, fractured surface of the zirconia abutment.
Fig 10.
SEM images of a cross-section of the implant after the fracture load test.
(A-C) Gr1. (D-F) Gr2. (G-I) Gr3. (J-L) Gr4. (M-O) Gr5. Arrow, crack in an abutment screw.