Fig 1.
Location of the studied sites.
1. Nitra, 2. Vedrovice, 3. Kleinhadersdorf, 4. Aiterhofen, 5. Schwetzingen, 6. Vendenheim.
Table 1.
Age and sex ranges of the individuals.
Table 2.
Studied lithic tools count according to the site.
Table 3.
PBA’s technical features.
Fig 2.
Polished and bevelled artefact types and sections examples [43].
Types 1–4 corresponding to Ramminger’s PBA classification [83].
Fig 3.
A) PBA sections general percentage; B) PBA section proportions according to the sites.
Fig 4.
A) PBA types general percentage; B) PBA types proportions according to the sites.
Table 4.
PBA’s HBI types count according to the sites.
Fig 5.
Dot plot including the PBA’s weight values and HBI types according to their sections.
Fig 6.
Flaked tools measurements (length/width) according to the site.
Fig 7.
Projectile measurements (length/width) according to the site.
Table 5.
Lithic projectile count and percentages according to the cemeteries.
Table 6.
Use-wear analysis on PBAs tools results according to the worked materials.
Fig 8.
A) Burial 28 (Aiterhofen) 200x; B) Burial 6 (Schwetzingen) 200x; C) Burial 148 (Vendenheim), 200x; D) Burial 25 (Nitra), 200x; E) Burial 17 (Vedrovice), 400x.
Table 7.
PBAs displaying evidence of woodworking count and characteristics.
Fig 9.
Butchering and soft animal tissue tools.
A) Burial 22 (Aiterhofen) 200x; B) Burial 153a (Aiterhofen) 200x; C) Burial 67 (Kleinhadersdorf), 200x; D) Grab 21 (Nitra), 200x; E) Grab 21 (Nitra), 200x; F) Burial 172.3 (Vendenheim), 200x; G) Burial 19/75 (Vedrovice), 200x; H) Burial 69/78 (Vedrovice), 200x.
Table 8.
PBAs displaying evidence of bone and meat count and characteristics.
Table 9.
PBAs displaying evidence of soft animal tissues count and characteristics.
Fig 10.
A) Burial 18 (Vedrovice); 100x; B) Burial 36 (Vedrovice), 200x; C) Burial 133 (Vendenheim), 100x; D) Burial 142 (Vendenheim), 100x; E) Burial 141 (Aiterhofen) 100x.
Table 10.
PBAs displaying evidence of hide-working count and characteristics.
Fig 11.
Multiple Correspondence Analysis displaying the relationships between PBAs morphological characteristics (sections, types, and weights) and their uses.
Table 11.
Use-wear analysis on PBAs results according to the site.
Fig 12.
A) Burial 58 (Nitra), 10 and 200x, respectively; B) Burial 17.5 (Kleinhadersdorf), 10 and 200x, respectively; C) Burial G.1c (Kleinhadersdorf), 10 and 200x, respectively; D) Burial 10 (Aiterhofen), 200x; E) Burial 93 (Aiterhofen) 100x; F) Burial 90 (Vendenheim), 100x; G) Burial 137 (Vendenheim), 100x; H) Burial 148 (Vendenheim), 200x; I) Burial 21 (Schwetzingen), 100x; Burial 14 (Schwetzingen), 200x; Burial 154 (Schwetzingen), 200x; Burial 73 (Schwetzingen), 100x.
Fig 13.
Flaked tools animal-related activities.
A) Hide work (Vendenheim Burial 141, 200x); B) Hide work (Vendenheim Burial 165, 100x); C) Bone contact (Aiterhofen, Burial 153, 200x); D) Woodwork (Aiterhofen, Burial 55, 200x).
Table 12.
Use-wear analysis on flaked tools results according to the worked materials.
Fig 14.
A. Burial 104/81 (Vedrovice). A1) Levelling and ochre residues, 100x; A2) Fresh pecking, 100x; B. Burial 90/80 (Vedrovice). B1) directional micro-polish of semi-closed network and irregular microtopography, 200x; B2) Fresh pecking, 100x. C. Burial 152 Schwetzingen. C1-2) rounding and directional micro-polish of semi-closed network and irregular microtopography, 200x.
Table 13.
Tools made out of pebbles in sexually determined burials displaying positive use-wear analysis results.
Table 14.
PBAs, projectiles and other flaked stone tools distribution according to age and sex.
Table 15.
Activities identified through use wear analysis according to the sex of the buried individuals.
Table 16.
PBA morphological characteristics according to the sex of the buried individuals.
Fig 15.
Multiple Correspondence Analysis plot of PBAs morphological characteristics and sex/age of the buried individuals, with items classified according to their weight, HBI index type, use and section (Text 2 in S3 File).
Table 17.
Quantification of buried individuals sampled for 87Sr/86Sr and δ15N/ δ13 isotopes, and percentage of each sex group of sampled individuals according to the number of males (m)/females (f) per site.
Fig 16.
Dot plot including δ15N values according to sex.
Grey discontinuous line = separation between NCL1 (down), NCL2 (up) made by us. Black diamond: mean. A) Nitra; B) Vedrovice; C) Kleinhadersdorf; D) Aiterhofen; E) Schwetzingen; F) Vendenheim. Red dots = female; blue dots = male.
Fig 17.
Dot plot including 87Sr/86Sr values and 87Sr/86Sr concentration according to the sex/age of the buried individuals.
A) Nitra; B) Vedrovice; C) Kleinhadersdorf; D) Aiterhofen; E) Schwetzingen; F) Vendenheim. Grey shadow = “local” range. Red dots = female; green dots = males; blue dots = nonadults. Black diamond: mean.
Table 18.
Female and male mobility data according to the site.
Table 19.
Count of the percentage of presence/absence of major categories of grave goods according to the amount of female and male buried skeletons in each cemetery.
Fig 18.
Multiple Correspondence Analysis plot of grave goods presence, sex (male/female) and isotope indicators of diet and mobility including only furnished graves.