Fig 1.
Districts selected for the Community-based fall armyworm Monitoring, Forecasting, Early Warning and Management (CBFAMFEW) initiative in six eastern African countries.
Fig 2.
Fall armyworm sample locations of the installed traps for adults and scouted farms for larvae in six eastern African countries.
Fig 3.
Country-wise proportion of the main crop in the study districts.
Table 1.
Regression parameter estimates and incident rate ratios (IRR) estimated from the negative binomial model on trap counts for the main crop factor adjusted for crop phenology with main crop ‘Maize’ used as a reference levelϯ.
Fig 4.
Proportion of different cropping systems in East Africa.
Table 2.
Regression parameter estimates and incident rate ratios (IRR) estimated from the negative binomial model on trap counts for the cropping system factor adjusted for crop phenology with ‘Seasonal cropping’ used as a reference levelϯ.
Fig 5.
Proportion of crops used in rotation cropping system in the study districts of six eastern African countries.
Table 3.
Regression parameter estimates and incident rate ratios (IRR) estimated from the negative binomial model on trap counts for the rotation crop factor adjusted for crop phenology with beans crop was used as a reference levelϯ.
Fig 6.
Quantity of different groups of pesticide use in fall armyworm management in eastern African countries (accumulating the quantity of all the pesticides that were recorded in liters for the six countries, individually, both for chemicals and biopesticides).
Fig 7.
Relationship between rainfall pattern, cultural calendar and fall armyworm trap captures and field incidence in East Africa.
Fig 8.
Changes in adult captures (trap count) and larval population (field scouting) of fall armyworm in different phenology stages of the crop in East Africa.
Table 4.
Mean (±SE) adult FAW abundance (A) and mean (±SE) percentage FAW larva infested plants (Scounted larva) (B) for each country across maize crop stage and the corresponding test statistics for the Negative binomial model for adult FAW abundance and for the quasi-binomial model for percentage larva infested plants.
Fig 9.
Evolution of fall armyworm infestation according to the time for scouting and trap counts.
A) The second quarter of 2018, i.e. April, May and June; B) The third quarter of 2018, i.e. July, August and September; C) The fourth quarter of 2018, i.e. October, November and December; D) The first quarter of 2019, i.e. January, February and March; E) The second quarter of 2019, i.e. April, May and June.
Fig 10.
Maize cropping main seasons and fall armyworm trap counts dynamics in eastern Africa.
Fig 11.
Maize cropping second seasons and fall armyworm trap counts dynamics in eastern Africa.
Fig 12.
FAW adults spatial distribution consistently observed throughout the years in 2018 to 2019.