Fig 1.
Reference cases selected for the classification of individuals exhibiting APDIs on the endocranial surface of the skull.
A) Very slight stage represented by shallow DIs predominantly localized over the anterior portion of the inner skull surface (Terry No. 30R: 26-year-old, male, died of TBM–skullcap); B) Slight stage represented by deeper DIs particularly situated over the anterior and middle portions of the endocranial surface (Terry No. 382R: 26-year-old, male, died of pulmonary TB–skullcap); C) Pronounced stage represented by deep DIs localized all over the inner skull surface (Terry No. 1033: 26-year-old, male, died of pulmonary TB–skullcap); and D) Pronounced stage represented by deep DIs situated all over the endocranial surface (Terry No. 1033: 26-year-old, male, died of pulmonary TB–skull base).
Table 1.
Classification criteria for the presence of APDIs, considering the different prominence stages.
Table 2.
List of likely TB-related pathological bony changes other than APDIs that were considered during the evaluation of the 604 selected skeletons from the Terry Collection.
Table 3.
Summary of the statistical results, considering the different stages of the prominence of APDIs.
Table 4.
Summary of the statistical results, considering the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of APDIs.
Fig 2.
Different stages of the prominence of APDIs (white arrows) on the inner surface of the squamous part of the frontal bone.
A) Very slight stage represented by shallow DIs on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone of Terry No. 1036 (38-year-old, male, died of pulmonary TB); B) Slight stage represented by deeper DIs on the inner skull surface of the frontal bone of Terry No. 265 (32-year-old, male, died of TB); and C) Pronounced stage represented by deep DIs on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone of Terry No. 251 (34-year-old, male, died of pulmonary TB).
Fig 3.
Distribution of the selected individuals from the Terry Collection by the presence of APDIs (considering the different stages of the prominence of lesions).
A) Distribution of individuals who died of TB; and B) Distribution of individuals who died of NTB causes. (In both the TB group (A) and NTB group (B), the larger pie chart shows the distribution of all individuals by the presence of APDIs (i.e., not present (white) or present (dark blue)). Whereas, the smaller pie chart shows the distribution of individuals displaying APDIs by the prominence stage of the presented APDIs (i.e., very slight (light blue), slight (orange), and pronounced (yellow)). The percentage values were calculated with respect to the total number of individuals in both the TB group (NTB = 234) and NTB group (NNTB = 193)).
Fig 4.
Distribution of the selected individuals from the Terry Collection by the presence of APDIs (considering the co-occurrence of APDIs with other probable TBM-related endocranial lesion types and/or with possible TB-associated non-endocranial lesion types).
A) Distribution of individuals who died of TB; and B) Distribution of individuals who died of NTB causes. (In both the TB group (A) and NTB group (B), the larger pie chart shows the distribution of all individuals by the presence of APDIs (i.e., not present (white), present but alone (black) or present in association with other likely TB-related lesion(s) (dark blue)). The smaller pie chart shows the distribution of individuals displaying APDIs in association with other probable TB-related lesion(s) by the type of the lesion(s) simultaneously occurring with APDIs (i.e., besides APDIs, only other probable TBM-related endocranial lesion(s) are present (yellow), besides APDIs, only possible TB-associated non-endocranial lesion(s) are present (orange) or besides APDIs, both other probable TBM-related endocranial lesion(s) and possible TB-associated non-endocranial lesion(s) are present (light blue)). The percentage values were calculated with respect to the total number of individuals in both the TB group (NTB = 234) and NTB group (NNTB = 193)).
Table 5.
Summary of the statistical results, considering the co-occurrence of APDIs with other likely TB-related lesion types.