Fig 1.
Graph G representing a bi-modal integrated network with the path graph (train network) in orange and the forest (bus network) in blue.
Fig 2.
Graph representing a multi-modal integrated network with train (orange links), bus (blue links) and non-motorized modes (red links).
Fig 3.
Flowchart of the proposed method.
Fig 4.
Synthetic network with 40 nodes.
Fig 5.
Number of added NMT links.
Fig 6.
Average degree of the augmented network.
Fig 7.
Study area.
Fig 8.
Potential augmented Gaubus network after adding edges in ENMT.
Fig 9.
Average travel speed on the S3 Data Gaubus route near Sandton Gautrain station.
Fig 10.
Average travel speed on the S5 Data Gaubus route near Sandton Gautrain station.
Fig 11.
Average travel speed on the M3 Gaubus route near Midrand Gautrain station.
Fig 12.
Visualisation of cycling trends based on time of the day.
Fig 13.
Original network (left) compared to the augmented network obtained with the proposed method (right).
Fig 14.
Degree centrality of existing network and augmented network.
Fig 15.
Closeness centrality: Existing network (left) and augmented network (right).
Fig 16.
Closeness centrality score: Existing network and augmented network.
Fig 17.
Betweenness centrality score: Existing network vs augmented network.
Fig 18.
Betweenness centrality: Existing network (left) and augmented network (right).