Table 1.
SDG definitions for the classification of improved water services.
Fig 1.
Sampling structure of selected basic water services and associated WASHCos.
Table 2.
Summary of sample in comparison to total basic water services population in study area.
Fig 2.
Location map of the study sites, Amhara and Afar, Ethiopia (Save the Children GIS center is used to develop this map).
Table 3.
Results of the technical variables.
Table 4.
Reasons attributed to the non-functional water services other than water quality.
Table 5.
Water quality parameters versus services functionality in Amhara and Afar regions.
Fig 3.
Water functionality status compared to the detection of TTC in CFU/100 ml.
Table 6.
Summary of water quality results of basic water services sample (n = 111) in comparison to WHO and Ethiopian standards.
Fig 4.
Factors resulting in basic water services non-functionality in Amhara and Afar regions, Ethiopia.
Fig 5.
Growth of the thermotolerant microorganisms using membrane filter technique in water samples in Amhara and Afar regions of Ethiopia.
Table 7.
Results of institutional related factors in relation to water quality in Afar and Amhara regions of Ethiopia.
Table 8.
Results of institutional related factors for basic water functionality in Afar and Amhara regions of Ethiopia.
Table 9.
The levels of cooperation of WASHCo members in Amhara and Afar regions in Ethiopia.
Table 10.
Results of financial sources and its management in Amhara and Afar regions of Ethiopia.
Table 11.
Suggested revisions to basic water services—Adding water quality parameters to functional and non-functional classifications.
Table 12.
Suggested revisions to drinking water ladder rungs: Adding “Safe Basic Water Service”.