Fig 1.
Cell viability of undifferentiated (A) and differentiated (B) SH-SY5Y cells treated with 100 nM of paclitaxel, Phyxol, or Abraxane® for 24 hours assessed by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments.
Table 1.
Metabolic profiles of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with 100 nM of paclitaxel (in dimethyl sulfoxide), Phyxol, or Abraxane®a.
Table 2.
Metabolic profiles of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with 100 nM of paclitaxel (in dimethyl sulfoxide), Phyxol, or Abraxane®a.
Fig 2.
Fold changes relative to the control group in the levels of carnitine and acylcarnitines of undifferentiated (A) and differentiated (B) SH-SY5Y cells treated with 100 nM of paclitaxel (in dimethyl sulfoxide), Phyxol, or Abraxane® for 24 hours. Three independent samples were prepared for each condition in each experiment. Each sample was analyzed twice by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Three independent experiments were conducted. Calibration curves of the standards and the internal standards for carnitine and acetylcarnitine were used for quantitation of these two metabolites. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the difference in fold changes between treatment groups for each metabolite. If the difference was significant, all pairs, Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) post-hoc test comparisons were performed. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.
Fig 3.
Fold changes relative to the control group in the levels of long-chain and very long-chain fatty acids of undifferentiated (A) and differentiated (B) SH-SY5Y cells treated with 100 nM of paclitaxel (in dimethyl sulfoxide), Phyxol, or Abraxane® for 24 hours. Three independent samples were prepared for each condition in each experiment. Each sample was analyzed twice by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Three independent experiments were conducted. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the difference in fold changes between treatment groups for each metabolite. If the difference was significant, all pairs, Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) post-hoc test comparisons were performed. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.
Fig 4.
Expression of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) proteins in undifferentiated (A) and differentiated (B) SH-SY5Y cells treated with 100 nM of paclitaxel (in dimethyl sulfoxide), Phyxol, or Abraxane® for 24 hours. Upper panels show the representative Western blot images, while lower panels demonstrate the fold change relative to the control group, which are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Six independent samples were prepared for each condition. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the difference in fold changes; all pairs, Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) post-hoc test comparisons were then performed. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.