Table 1.
Mean alpha diversity measures for the different plant species in Mida Creek and Giza bay.
Fig 1.
(A) Phyla level-based characterization of the rhizosphere sediments. (B) Genus level characterization of the sites of investigation showing only genera with at least 4% relative abundance in any on the samples. *Bacterial genera with abundance less than 4% collectively comprised 59% of the bacterial composition at the genus level.
Fig 2.
Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between the bacterial communities in different mangrove rhizospheres in Mida Creek and Gazi Bay.
Table 2.
Mean values of sediment physicochemical parameters among mangrove species in Mida Creek and Gazi Bay.
Fig 3.
Constrained redundancy analysis displaying contributions of environmental factors to bacterial community composition (A) and (B) variation in the bacterial community structure explained by species, site/depth differences and physicochemical parameters (Ca, Mg, N, P, K, EC, salinity, pH, Na and C). *Note only environmental variables with p-value of at least 0.01 are displayed.
Table 3.
Goodness-of-fit statistics (R2) for environmental factors fitted to the constrained redundancy analysis (RDA).
Fig 4.
Detected biomarkers for energy metabolism and the biosynthesis of important biomolecules.
Node colours distinguish between mangrove species, the background coloration differentiates the KEGG functions (KEGG level 2 and level 3 functions) while the node size corresponds to the relative abundance of the predicted KOs. Rings from the inner to the outer layer represents level 2 and 3 KEGG functions respectively.
Fig 5.
Differences in predicted pathways for sulfur, carbon, nitrogen and methane metabolism in both sites and according to mangrove species.
‘AV’ denotes A. marina, ‘CT’ denotes C. tagal, ‘RM’ denotes R. mucronata, and ‘SA’ denotes S. alba.