Table 1.
Clinical outcome measures collected during the clinical trial.
Table 2.
Patient characteristics and presence of bacteriuria.
Table 3.
Urinary cytokine concentrations of placebo and antibiotic treated women with refractory DO, with no growth or with bacteriuria.
Fig 1.
In patients with bacteriuria, concentration of urinary cytokines in placebo (◇) and antibiotic (◆) treatment groups.
The concentration of urinary cytokines IL-1α (A), IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) (B), IL-4 (C), IL-6 (D), IL-8 (E), IL-10 (F), CXCL10 (IP-10) (G), MCP-1 (H) and TNF-α (I) were measured by ELISA in women with bacteriuria (both UTI and polymicrobial infections) in both the antibiotic and placebo treatment groups. The cytokines IL-1α (A), IL-6 (D), IL-8 (E), IL-10 (F) and CXCL10 (G) were significantly lowered in the antibiotic treatment group in response to the presence of bacteriuria, compared placebo. In contrast, IL-4 (C) was significantly increased in the antibiotic treatment group compared to placebo. Data analysed using Mann-Whitney test and with the horizontal line across each column representing the median.
Fig 2.
Longitudinal effect of antibiotics on urine cytokine concentrations.
The concentration of urinary cytokines were measured by ELISA and compared over time in the antibiotic (▲) and placebo (△) treatment groups (regardless of bacterial culture result). The concentrations of IL-1α (A), IL-6 (C) and IL-8 (D) were consistently significantly less in the antibiotic treatment group, compared to placebo. The concentration of IL-10 (E) was lower in the antibiotic treatment group than placebo, although this did not reach significance. The comparisons between the concentration of CXCL-10 (F) in the antibiotic and placebo treatment groups over time was more variable. Analysis was performed using a Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons t-test, where: ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001. Data presented as median and IQR.
Table 4.
Correlations between cytokine concentrations and clinical outcome measures.