Fig 1.
Approximate sampling locations of the abalone populations and trajectories of the major ocean currents.
The name, location, and sample size of each population are presented on the map. The major ocean currents around the Korean peninsula are also shown with their names, locations, and the trajectories. Red lines represent warm currents and the blue line represents cold currents.
Table 1.
Species, sampling location, sample size, shell length, and sampling date for each abalone population used in this study.
Table 2.
Summary of all detected SNVs identified from 5 abalone populations.
Fig 2.
Relationships among Korean H. discus hannai populations determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
PCA of SNV data for 91 abalone samples. 16,603 SNVs with genotypes were used in this analysis. Each dot represents an individual, and each geographic population is represented by different colors. (A) All 91 individuals (Korea and Japan), and (B) 86 individuals (Korea). Korean populations were clustered separately from Japan samples, and among Korean populations, individuals from the Goseong population were clearly separated from the Taean and Yeosu abalones which were clustered close to each other.
Fig 3.
Genetic structures of Korean H. discus hannai populations.
Population structure using the STRUCTURE analysis. Results for K = 2 to 4 are shown. Each vertical line represents an individual, and individuals were grouped by 4 geographic populations. Colors represent the inferred ancestry from K ancestral populations. Populations are labeled below the figure. With a most likely number of K = 3, the Taean population exhibited relatively high population homogeneity, and the Yeosu population showed an admixture of cluster 1 and 2. The Goseong population was the most genetically distinct, with a high proportion of cluster 3.
Table 3.
Matrix of pairwise FST values among four abalone populations.