Fig 1.
Photosynthetic variables of different rootstock-scion combinations under different water-deficit regimes.
(A) pot water loss; (B) photosynthesis; (C) stomatal conductance; (D) transpiration rate; (E) SPAD; (F) NPQ; (G) Fv´/Fm´; (H) Fv/Fm in the leaves of VM4 and VM2 under fast and slow water-deficit conditions. Values are mean ± S.E. at p < 0.05 (n = 3). ⚫ = VM4 control; ○ = VM2 control; ⬛ = VM4 slow water-deficit; ⬜ = VM2 slow water-deficit; ▼ = VM4 fast water-deficit; Δ = VM2 fast water-deficit.
Fig 2.
Antioxidant enzymes’ activities and osmoprotectants in the leaves of VM4 and VM2 grown under fast and slow water-deficit conditions.
(A) superoxide dismutase; (B) peroxidase; (C) catalase; (D) ascorbate peroxidase; (E) glutathione reductase; (F) proline; (G) glycine betaine; (H) Total soluble proteins. ⬛ = VM4; ⬜ = VM2. Values are mean ± S.E. at p < 0.05 (n = 3).
Fig 3.
Antioxidant enzymes’ activities and osmoprotectants in the roots of VM4 and VM2 grown under fast and slow water-deficit conditions.
(A) superoxide dismutase; (B) peroxidase; (C) catalase; (D) ascorbate peroxidase; (E) glutathione reductase; (F) proline; (G) glycine betaine; (H) Total soluble proteins. ⬛ = VM4; ⬜ = VM2. Values are mean ± S.E. at p < 0.05 (n = 3).
Fig 4.
Nutrient accumulation in the leaves of VM4 and VM2 grown under fast and slow water deficit regimes.
(A) calcium; (B) potassium; (C) sodium; (D) chloride; (E) nitrogen; (F) phosphorous. ⬛ = VM4; ⬜ = VM2. Values are mean ± S.E. at p < 0.05 (n = 3).
Fig 5.
Nutrient accumulation in the roots of VM4 and VM2 grown under fast and slow water deficit regimes.
(A) calcium; (B) potassium; (C) sodium; (D) chloride; (E) nitrogen; (F) phosphorous. ⬛ = VM4; ⬜ = VM2. Values are mean ± S.E. at p < 0.05 (n = 3).
Fig 6.
Biplot of the first two principal components of principal component analysis executed on leaf traits of VM4 and VM2 grown under fast and slow water-deficit regimes.
Fig 7.
Biplot of the first two principal components of principal component analysis executed on root traits of VM4 and VM2 grown under fast and slow water-deficit regimes.
Fig 8.
Schematic diagram of physiological and biochemical responses of VM4 and VM2 under fast and slow water-deficit conditions.