Table 1.
Cohort demographics and baseline measurements.
Fig 1.
Results of Ewing’s autonomic battery.
Results of autonomic testing of fatigued and non-fatigued patients. (A) deep breathing (B) cold pressor test (C) Valsalva heart rate ratio (D) Valsalva blood pressure ratio (E) heart rate variability. T-test was used to assess differences in deep breathing and heart rate variability. Wilcoxon rank-sum test used to assess differences in cold pressor and Valsalva tests. * p <0.05 ** p <0.01 ***p <0.001 ns = not significant.
Fig 2.
Heart rate and blood pressure changes during active standing.
Variation in mean values and standard deviations of (A) systolic blood pressure (B) diastolic blood pressure (C) heart rate from 10 seconds prior to active stand to 180 seconds after active stand. T tests used to assess differences between cohorts at each 10-second timepoint.
Fig 3.
Change in heart rate and blood pressure following an active stand.
Changes from baseline measurements in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure shown at (A) 10 seconds and (B) 20 seconds. Rate of change from 10 seconds to 20 seconds in heart rate and blood pressure are shown in (C). Results at 40 seconds are shown in (D). T-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests used to assess between-group differences. ns = not significant.
Fig 4.
Near-infrared spectroscopy during active standing.
Percentage TSI during active standing, showing difference between baseline and (A) nadir in first 30 seconds (B) maximum overshoot (C) nadir at any point. T-test used to assess statistical difference. TSI = tissue saturation index. ns = not significant.
Table 2.
Relationship between fatigue score, autonomic testing and anxiety scores.
Table 3.
24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.