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Fig 1.

Sampling locations.

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Fig 1 Expand

Fig 2.

Meshing method.

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Fig 2 Expand

Fig 3.

Macromorphologies of the coke in the hearth.

(a) Sample ① at 0 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (b) Sample ② at 2 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (c) Sample ③ at 4 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (d) Sample ④ at 6 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (e) Sample ⑤ at 7.5 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (f) Sample ⑥ at 7.5 m horizontal and 2.4 m vertical; (g) Sample ⑦ at 7.5 m horizontal and 3.8 m vertical; (h) Sample ⑧ at 7.5 m horizontal and 5.2 m vertical; (i) coke eroded by liquid metal at 0–2 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (j) slag and iron at 0–4 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (k) slag and iron at 6–7.5 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; and (l) original coke.

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Distribution of liquid metal and slag in the hearth of the 5,800 m3 blast furnace.

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Fig 4 Expand

Fig 5.

Microstructures of the coke under the optical microscope.

(a) Sample ① under ×500 polarizing microscope with oil immersion lens; (b) Sample ② under ×500 polarizing microscope with oil immersion lens; (c) Sample ③ under ×500 microscope with oil immersion lens; (d) Sample ④ under ×500 polarizing microscope with oil immersion lens; (e) Sample ⑤ under ×500 polarizing microscope with oil immersion lens; (f) Sample ⑥ under ×500 polarizing microscope with oil immersion lens; (g) Sample ⑦ under ×500 polarizing microscope with oil immersion lens; (h) Sample ⑧ under ×500 polarizing microscope with oil immersion lens; (i) Sample ② under ×500 microscope with oil immersion lens; (j) Sample ⑤ under ×200 microscope with dry lens; (k) original coke under ×500 polarizing microscope with oil immersion lens; (l) ultragraphite morphology under ×500 polarizing microscope with oil immersion lens.

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Fig 5 Expand

Fig 6.

Slag-to-porosity ratio.

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Fig 6 Expand

Fig 7.

XRD patterns of the coke vs. horizontal distance.

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Fig 8.

XRD patterns of the coke vs. vertical distance.

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Fig 9.

SEM images of the coke.

(a) Sample ① at 0 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (b) Sample ② at 2 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (c) Sample ③ at 4 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (d) Sample ④ at 6 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (e) Sample ⑤ at 7.5 m horizontal and 1 m vertical; (f) Sample ⑥ at 7.5 m horizontal and 2.4 m vertical; (g) Sample ⑦ at 7.5 m horizontal and 3.8 m vertical; (h) Sample ⑧ at 7.5 m horizontal and 5.2 m vertical; and (i) original coke.

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Fig 9 Expand

Fig 10.

EDS images of the coke at 2 m horizontal and 1 m vertical.

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Fig 10 Expand

Fig 11.

EDS images of the coke at 7.5 m horizontal and 5.2 m vertical.

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Fig 11 Expand

Fig 12.

Surface microstructure of edge coke at 2 m horizontal and -1 m vertical.

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Fig 12 Expand

Fig 13.

Disappearance mechanism of edge coke.

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Fig 13 Expand

Fig 14.

Surface microstructure of center coke at the 7.5 m horizontal and 1 m vertical position.

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Fig 14 Expand

Fig 15.

Pulverization of center coke.

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Fig 15 Expand