Fig 1.
Map of archaeological sites (Dollsteinhola and Måsøy) and the locations of the comparative Fratercula arctica specimens.
The sites investigated by Olsen [26] and Lahtiperä [27] are also indicated on the map. The known breeding distribution of all three subspecies is clearly indicated on the map (purple; F. a. grabae, green; F. a. arctica and orange; F. a. naumanni), data on breeding distributions is taken from Dementev and Gladkov [28]. Reprinted from d-maps [29] under a CC BY licence, with permission from [d-maps], original copyright [2020].
Table 1.
Coracoid data.
Table 2.
Humerus data.
Table 3.
Ulna data.
Table 4.
Carpometacarpus data.
Table 5.
Femur data.
Table 6.
Tibiotarsus data.
Table 7.
Tarsometatarsus data.
Table 8.
P-values for the one-way ANOVA for modern subspecies.
Table 9.
P-values for the one-way ANOVA for modern subspecies compared to archaeological populations.
Fig 2.
Boxplots of length measurements in modern and archaeological Atlantic Puffins.
A, medial length of the coracoid. B, greatest length of the humerus. C, greatest length of the ulna. D, greatest length of the carpometacarpus. E, greatest length of the femur. F, axial length of the tibiotarsus. G, greatest length of the tarsometatarsus. Number of specimens included are represented above each boxplot. Outliers are indicated by circles beyond the standard error.
Fig 3.
A comparison of the mean values for modern F. a. arctica from Runde and the F. arctica specimens from Dollsteinhola, taken as percentages to highlight which measurements are larger for the two groups.
A represents measurements of the upper limbs, B represents measurements of the lower limbs. Measurements with * are statistically significant. Abbreviations of the bone elements are as follows; COR = coracoid, HUM = humerus, ULN = ulna, CMT = carpometacarpus, FEM = femur, TIB = tibiotarsus, TMT = tarsometatarsus. The mean values can be found in the supplementary material (S1 Table).