Fig 1.
The stock of TFP (Solow residual) in selected countries.
Note: The stock was computed by dividing GDP by the product of capital raised to the long-term average value of alpha (capital share of value added) and labor to 1 minus alpha. Source: IFs Version 7.61, using data from the Penn World Tables, release 9.0.
Fig 2.
Annual change of TFP in World Bank income categories.
Note: Solow residuals using 10-year moving averages; additional countries enter series over time, mostly at beginnings of decades. Source: IFs Version 7.61, building upon data from the Penn World Tables, release 9.0.
Table 1.
Explanatory power for TFP level of IVs after control for GDP per capita at PPP.
Table 2.
Correlations in 2010 of the residual relationships among driving variables after control for GDP per capita (r-squared values).
Table 3.
Parameterization and temporal dynamics in the IFs productivity representation.
Fig 3.
Global TFP projections from the OECD across SSPs and the Base Case projection from IFs.
Notes: TFP scaling in the two sources differs and has been indexed to 1 to facilitate comparison. Country aggregation uses simple averages rather than GDP-weighting. SSPs 2 and 4 and the IFs Base Case are so close that the lines nearly overlap. Source: OECD projections courtesy of Rob Dellink and Jean Château; IFs Version 7.61.
Fig 4.
Ratios of OECD and non-OECD TFP projections in the OECD SSP scenarios and in the Base Case projections from IFs.
Notes: Country aggregation uses GDP-weighting. Ratios are indexed to 1 in 2015 facilitate comparison across the models; absolute OECD values remain significantly above those in non-OECD countries. Source: OECD courtesy of Rob Dellink and Jean Château; IFs Version 7.61.
Fig 5.
Actual and IMF-estimated GDP growth rates of countries with highest and lowest productivity growth calculations by IFs in 2015.
Note: 2019 and 2020 were pre-pandemic estimates, other years are data. Source: IFs Version 7.61 and IMF World Economic Outlook 2019.
Fig 6.
Analysis of progress toward SDG targets on current path and with three sets of interventions.
Note: Values are the percentage of countries reaching the identified target in 2015 or 2050 scenarios, except fisheries and carbon where they are extent of progress toward a global goal. Source: Hughes [55]; IFs Version 7.45.