Table 1.
Human Development Index (HDI) in 2004, 2010, and 2017 and the average HDI during 2004–2017.
Table 2.
Indicators for the construction of EDI.
Table 3.
The description of the Environment Degradation Index (EDI) and its sub-indicators (average value from 2004 to 2017) for 29 provinces in China.
Fig 1.
The relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and Environment Degradation Index (EDI) in China from 2004 to 2017.
Fig 2.
The relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and wastewater (EX1) in China from 2004 to 2017.
Fig 3.
The relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and waste gas (EX2) in China from 2004 to 2017.
Fig 4.
The relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and industrial solid waste (EX3) in China from 2004 to 2017.
Fig 5.
The relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and air quality (EX4) in China from 2004 to 2017.
Fig 6.
The relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and domestic waste treatment (EX5) in China from 2004 to 2017.
Fig 7.
The relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and environmental self-purification rate (EX6) in China from 2004 to 2017.
Table 4.
Estimation results of the simultaneous equations.
Table 5.
Estimation results of the robustness test.