Fig 1.
A] Non-enzymatic oxidation of membrane phospholipids. Free radicals may attack membrane phospholipids such as PAPC, leading to the production of bioactive lipid molecules. Abbreviations: PAPC-OOH, PAPC hydroproxide; OxPC, oxidized phosphatidylcholine; PEIPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-[5,6-epoxyisoprostane E2]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline. B] Enzymatic oxidation of membrane phospholipids. Fatty acids are released from the membrane phospholipid by the phospholipase A2 enzyme and may undergo oxidation through three oxidation pathways including COX, LOX, and CYT P450. Abbreviations: COX, cyclooxygenase; LOX, lipoxygenase; CTYP450, cytochrome P450; HETE; hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids; EET, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids.
Fig 2.
Multiple Reaction Monitoring [MRM] chromatogram of 2 fragmented OxPCs, [A] POVPC and [B] PONPC, in an MDD [black line] and control [dotted line] subject as measured by reverse phase HPLC-MS/MS.
Abbreviations: POVPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-[5’-oxo-valeroyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; PONPC,1-palmitoyl-2-[9’-oxo-nonanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
Table 1.
Demographics and clinical information of all subjects separated by remitter/non-remitter status and controls.
Fig 3.
Baseline OxPC levels divided into total OxPCs with subgroups [A] and 5 specific OxPC compounds [B] compared between MDD subjects [n = 38] and controls [n = 9].
Values are mean±SEM. * = p<0.05.
Fig 4.
Baseline OxPC levels divided into total OxPCs with subgroups [A] and 5 specific OxPC compounds [B] compared between MDD subjects who entered remission after rTMS [n = 22] and control subjects [n = 9].
Values are mean+SEM. * = p<0.05.
Fig 5.
Baseline OxPC levels divided into total OxPCs with subgroups [A] and 5 specific OxPC compounds [B] compared between MDD remitters [n = 22] and non-remitters [n = 26].
Values are mean+SEM. * = p<0.05.
Fig 6.
OxPC levels divided into total OxPCs with subgroups [A] and 5 specific OxPC compounds [B] compared between MDD remitters pre-rTMS [n = 21] and post-rTMS [n = 21].
Values are mean+SEM.
Fig 7.
OxPC levels divided into total OxPCs with subgroups [A] and 5 specific OxPC compounds [B] compared between MDD non-remitters pre-rTMS [n = 17] and post-rTMS [n = 17].
Values are mean+SEM.
Table 2.
Mean values [±SEM] of all oxylipin species [ng/ul] identified in remitters [n = 21] and non-remitters [n = 25] before rTMS treatment.