Fig 1.
A. Training task. Participants first individually completed a preliminary practice exercise to familiarize themselves with the task setup. To practice estimating the time interval after pressing a key with the right index finger, there was a delay of 1–1000 ms before a tone sounded (50 ms, 900 Hz). Participants then estimated the time interval orally. Different intervals were randomly selected for each trial, and after responding, each participant received feedback on the actual interval. B. Sitting position in the baseline and experimental tasks. We placed the pairs horizontally in front of a monitor. P = participant. C. Baseline task. After the key press, a delayed tone sounded. The actor and the observer, respectively, estimated the delay intervals. Participants answered using a keyboard instead of verbally, and participants alternated key pressing and observation in each of the 18 trials. P = participant https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9755408.v1.
Fig 2.
A. Experimental task—Cooperative group. Participants shared goals with others and cooperated to score points. The object’s first starting position was random, but its second starting position was from where the first participant stopped it. B. Independent group. Pairs were not asked to share, and each scored points separately. The object’s first and second starting positions were random. P = participant https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9755408.v1.
Fig 3.
A. Intentional binding effect by Self-generated and Observed action. Yellow plot: Cooperative group; blue plot: Independent group; Square plot: Self-generated action; Round plot: Observed action. B. Value of motor accuracy. Yellow plot: Cooperative group; blue plot: Independent group. Data represent means ± standard error. * indicates a p-value < 0.05. ** indicates a p-value < 0.01. https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Figure_3_/12923612.