Fig 1.
Time-kill curves of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains.
A) Carvacrol activity against carbapenem-resistant (KPC, NDM, CTX-M-8 and OXA-48) and polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae strains (POL-R). B) Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains (KPC, NDM, CTX-M-8 and OXA-48) tested against polymyxin B and polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae strain (POL-R) tested against polymyxin B and amikacin.
Table 1.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for resistant K. pneumoniae.
Fig 2.
Survival curves mice model infected with different concentrations of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae.
Control: untreated group; concentrations of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae inoculum (1.5 ×108; 3.0 × 108; 4.0 × 108, 4.8 × 108, 6.0 × 108 and 9.0 × 108 CFU/mL).
Fig 3.
Survival curves of mice infected with KPC-producing K. pneumoniae and treated with carvacrol.
Polymyxin B and untreated (Control) were used as a positive and negative controls, respectively. *P<0.05 compared with the control group.
Fig 4.
Effects of carvacrol on hematological parameters in mice infected with KPC-producing K. pneumoniae after 24 hours.
WBC (A) and platelets (B). ***P<0.001, **P<0.01 and *P<0.05 compared with the control group (#). Differences among the groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls test.
Fig 5.
Effects of carvacrol on the number of CFUs in peritoneal lavage fluid from infected mice after 24 hours.
***P<0.001, **P<0.01 and *P<0.05 compared with the control group (#). Differences among the groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls test.