Fig 1.
Symptomatology observed on infected grapevine plants surveyed in this work.
(A) Leafroll and yellowing (cv. Žilavka) associated with grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). (B) Leafroll and reddening (cv. Blatina) associated with GLRaV-3. (C) Zig-zag growth associated with grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). (D) Short internodes associated with GFLV and GLRaV-3. (E) Uneven berry ripening associated with GLRaV-3. (F) Reduced vigour of the plant associated with grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) and GLRaV-3.
Fig 2.
Mealybugs and scale insects observed during the field survey on grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV)-infected grapevine plants.
(A-B) Nymphs and adults of Planococcus ficus. (C) Nymphs and adults of Parthenolecanium corni. (D) Adults of P. corni.
Table 1.
Grapevine virus infection rate detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) in Žilavka and Blatina cultivars.
Table 2.
Relative incidence of grapevine viruses.
Fig 3.
Comparative assessment of virus profiles of symptomatic versus asymptomatic infected plants in cvs. Žilavka and Blatina.
Relative incidence of single and mixed viral infections is based on the double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) results. Numbers on top of the columns indicate the numbers of infected samples.
Fig 4.
Phylogenetic relatedness of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 isolates obtained from full-length coat protein sequences, as inferred from a maximum likelihood analysis.
Thirty-five BiH isolates (in bold) and forty-five reference isolates were included in the analysis. The accession number and the origin of each isolate are indicated. The bootstrap consensus tree was inferred from 1000 replicates and the bootstrap values of less than 50% are not presented. Phylogenetic groups are assigned as reported by Maree et al. [59] (groups I-VII) and Diaz-Lara et al. [60] (groups IX and X). Group VIII [59] was not included in phylogenetic analysis because it contained the sequences (JF723301-JF723378) retrieved from the NCBI. The isolate MH521105 (marked with a star) is not assigned to any of phylogenetic group [60], while the divergent isolates from this study and Farooq et al. [58] study (within the group I) are in italics.
Table 3.
Genetic diversity parameters of the full-length coat protein sequences of GLRaV-3 isolates from Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Table 4.
Recombination event in the coat protein coding region of 35 BiH and 71 reference GLRaV-3 isolates.