Table 1.
Comparison of clinical characteristics of ERM and control group.
Fig 1.
Bar graphs showing the accumulative prevalence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) based on age.
The fractional numbers above the bar indicate the number of eyes with ERM/total number of eyes.
Fig 2.
Bar graphs showing the distribution of vitreomacular interface based on age.
VMI = vitreomacular interface; PVD = posterior vitreous detachment; VMA = vitreomacular attachment; VMT = vitreomacular traction.
Fig 3.
Bar graphs showing the distribution of epiretinal membrane based on vitreomacular interface status.
ERM = epiretinal membrane; PVD = posterior vitreous detachment; VMA = vitreomacular attachment.
Fig 4.
Representative images from enrolled subjects with epiretinal membrane without posterior vitreous detachment.
(A) Membranous changes (arrows) were shown with the posterior hyaloid membrane (PHM; arrowheads) and wrinkling of underlying retina. (B) Even membranous changes (arrows) were observed between PHM (arrowheads) and inner retina without structural changes in the underlying retina.
Fig 5.
Representative images from subjects with follow-up data during the PVD period.
(A) Fundus image shows epiretinal membrane (ERM) at the nasal side. (B) The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) image shows ERM at the nasal side (arrows) with attached posterior hyaloid membrane (PHM; arrowheads). (C) After 2 months, the ERM was spontaneously removed with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). The observed wrinkling of underlying retina (arrows) and (D) 10 months later, the slightly improved wrinkling of retina (arrows). (E) Fundus images show mild ERM. (F) ERM (red arrows) was observed at the nasal retina and epiretinal hyperreflective changes (blue arrows) were observed at the temporal retina. Partial detachment of PHM (arrowheads) was found at the margin of ERM and epiretinal hyperreflective changes. (G) A year later, the detachment of PHM progressed (arrowheads) and retinal peaking at the nasal side of fovea (arrow) was observed. (H) Three months later, PVD was observed and the ERM (red arrows) and hyperreflective changes (blue arrows) remained.
Fig 6.
Bar graphs showing the distribution of epiretinal membrane (ERM) based on (A) axial length (AXL), (B) Astigmatism of total corneal refractive power at 4 mm (TCRP4), and (C) total corneal irregular astigmatism (TCIA).
Table 2.
Univariate analysis and Multiple logistic regression analysis for the presence of ERM in phakic eyes.