Fig 1.
Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov., holotype (HCLP-A 260, adult male, SVL = 13.5 mm).
(A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) lateral view of head, (D) ventral view of hand, (E) ventral view of feet.
Fig 2.
Variation in specimens of Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov. regarding dorsal shield shape (A-D) and amount of black connective tissue (E-F). (A) HCLP-A 284 (adult female), (B) HCLP-A 285 (adult female), (C) HCLP-A 286 (adult female), (D) HCLP-A 287 (adult male), (E) ZUFMS-AMP 13648 (adult male), (F) ZUFMS-AMP 13649 (adult male).
Fig 3.
Brachycephalus ephippium from the species type locality (MNRJ 40806, adult male, SVL 16.26 mm).
(A) Dorsal view, and (B) lateral view of head.
Table 1.
Described advertisement calls of species belonging to the Brachycephalus ephippium group.
Fig 4.
Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov. lightened by a UV flashlight (395 nm wavelength).
Deatil of fluorescence in dorsal and cephalic shields.
Table 2.
Measurements in millimetres of the 11 adults of the type series of Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov. X, mean; SD, standard deviation.
Fig 5.
Advertisement call of the holotype of Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov. (HCLP-A 260).
Recorded on 5 September 2019 at 08:30 h (FNJV 44409). Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (bellow).
Fig 6.
Cleared and double-stained specimens of Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov.
(A) Dorsal and (B) ventral view of complete skeleton; (C) dorsal, (D) lateral and (E) ventral view of skull with details of mandible and arytenoids cartilage; (F) dorsal view of left hand, arrow indicates ulna and radio fused; (G) dorsal view of left foot, arrow indicates tibiale and fibulare fused; (H) ventral view of pectoral girdle with scapula and supra-scapula deflected; (I) ventral view of spine, arrows indicates vertebrae IV and V fused (in vertebrae body and in transverse process). Vouchers, figs. A, B and E (ZUFMS-AMP 13648, male, SVL 15.89 mm); C, D, F, G, H and I (ZUFMS-AMP 13649, male, SVL 15.79 mm). Acronyms: ac (arytenoids cartilage), clav (clavicle), cor (coracoid), mand (mandible), max (maxilla), nas (nasal), papl (parotic plate), pg (pectoral girdle), pmax (premaxilla), poc (pos orbital crest), prsph (parasphenoid), ptr (pterigoid), pv (presacral vertebrae), pvpl (paravertebral plate), ra (radius), sac (sacrum), sca (scapula), spl (spinal plate), sq (squamosal), ssca (supra-scapula), tpv (transverse process of presacral vertebrae), ul (ulna), uro (urostyle), vm (vomer). Scale bar = 2 mm.
Fig 7.
Geographic distribution map for the species of Brachycephalus ephippium group on Google satellite map.
See the species records on S3 Table. Star = type locality of B. rotenbergae sp. nov. ES = state of Espírito Santo, MG = state of Minas Gerais, RJ = state of Rio de Janeiro, SP = state of São Paulo.
Fig 8.
Study areas for the natural history observations of Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov.
(A) São Francisco Xavier, Projeto Dacnis, and (B) Reserva das Araucárias.
Fig 9.
Relationship between observed Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov. specimens and monthly precipitation (in mm).
Notice that the number of specimens found per field survey reaches zero during months with precipitation under 200 mm.
Table 3.
Number of observations, calling activity and amplexus during one year of field survey for the study of Natural History of Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov.
Fig 10.
Natural history observations of Brachycephalus rotenbergae sp. nov.
(A) Inguinal amplexus; (B) An amplected couple of hiding under the juçara palm (E. edulis) root system; (C) Mouth gaping defensive behaviour; (D) One specimen near a yellow/orange mushroom, notice the similarity of color and size; (E) One juvenile specimen; (F) Two juvenile specimens, but the smaller one is darker.