Table 1.
Richness and abundance in four study areas in the municipalities of Bom Retiro (area 1 and 2) and Rancho Queimado (area 3 and 4), in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Fig 1.
Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill Numbers (q = 0) (y-axis = Species diversity (q0); x-axis = abundance) for species taxonomic richness in Mature forests (MAF), Early succession forests (ESF), Pinus monoculture (PIN) and Pastures (PAS) (a) Area 1 in Bom Retiro, SC (b) Area 2 in Bom Retiro, SC (c) Area 3 in Rancho Queimado, SC (d) Area 4 in Rancho Queimado, SC, southern Brazil.
Table 2.
Taxonomic diversity based on Hill numbers.
Table 3.
Statistics of the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) used to assess the relationship between the explanatory variables [DBH, tree height, distance between trees, DAH, shrub height, distance between shrubs, percentage of litter; green cover, bare soil, depth of litter, clay, sand, lime, moisture] and the taxonomic richness.
Fig 2.
Dendrogram showing the 11 functional groups produced from the Gower index with divisive hierarchical clustering technique with the functional attributes of 35 species of scarab beetles.
Functional groups were considered at an arbitrary Gower distance (dotted line).
Table 4.
Functional diversity based on Hill numbers.
Table 5.
Statistics of the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) used to assess the relationship between the explanatory variables [DBH, tree height, distance between trees, DAH, shrub height, distance between shrubs, percentage of litter; green cover, bare soil, depth of litter, clay, sand, lime, moisture] and the functional richness.
Fig 3.
Results of the fourth-corner model in relation to traits-variable.
Traits are colored according to their fourth-corner coefficients: red indicates a significant positive trait-variable association, and blue indicates a significant negative trait-variable association. Color depth indicates the strength of the trait-variable association.
Fig 4.
Relationship between biomass, estimated richness and functional richness in each studied habitat and excrement removal.
Measurement units (sn: Species number; fn: Functional groups number; gr: Grams).
Table 6.
Biomass contribution (g) of each functional group of dung beetles in four habitats with differences in land use: Mature forests (MAF), Early succession forests (ESF), Pinus monoculture (PIN), Pastures (PAS).