Fig 1.
Finite element model of the (a) intact lumbar spine implanted with two interspinous spacers of (b) DIAM, (c) pedicle screw-based M-rod (M-PEEK) system and (d) Coflex at L2/L3 and L3/L4 segments.
Table 1.
The material properties of intact spine, Coflex, M-rod and DIAM model components.
Table 2.
The ROMs of different implanted models in extension, flexion, axial rotation and lateral bending.
Fig 2.
Difference in ROM as a percentage of the intact model (% of intact) at the implanted and adjacent levels in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending.
Fig 3.
Differences in annulus stress as a percentage of the intact model (% of intact) at the implanted and adjacent levels in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending.
Fig 4.
a) Maximum contact force between the spinous process in extension, b) changes in facet contact force as compared to the intact model under extension, c) stress distribution on the spinous process in extension.
Fig 5.
Stress path of facet joint in a) M-PEEK and b) Coflex and DIAM under extension.