Table 1.
Description of impact frameworks reviewed.
Table 2.
The science impact framework–Examples of indicators and data sources*.
Fig 1.
Health outcomes are the ultimate goals, driven by the 5 domains of influence as shown in Table 1. Health outcomes, for example include positive effects on prevalence and incidence (e.g., frequency of outbreaks, trends); reduction in morbidity and mortality; increased life expectancy; and increased quality of life improvements.
Table 3.
Case studies used to validate the science impact framework.