Fig 1.
Evolution of population size and total ED attendance in Singapore from 2005 to 2016.
Fig 2.
Patient arrivals over the course of a peak day and a ‘quiet’ day in a hospital-based ED in Singapore.
Fig 3.
Overall structure of patient processing in a hospital-based ED in Singapore.
Fig 4.
Overall model structure of an ED in Singapore.
Fig 5.
Registration and triage sub-model.
Fig 6.
Critical care area sub-model.
Fig 7.
Ambulatory care area sub-model.
Fig 8.
Observation ward and discharge area sub-model.
Fig 9.
Isolation area sub-model.
Table 1.
ALOS ED patients face depending on care venue, patient pathway, arrival time for co-location policy where 10% - 30% of P4 and P3 patients are decanted from the ED to a GP clinic co-located in the ED.
Table 2.
ALOS ED patients face depending on care venue, patient pathway, arrival time for policy where the numbers of doctors are increased from 10% - 30% across all venues of care.
Table 3.
ALOS ED patients face depending on care venue, patient pathway, arrival time for observation ward and laboratory policy where waiting times at the observation ward, and laboratory are reduced by 10% - 30%.
Table 4.
ALOS ED patients face depending on care venue, patient pathway, arrival time for combined interventions policy where all the interventions—i.e., co-location, capacity of doctors, and observation ward and laboratory—are implemented simultaneously.