Table 1.
List of localities with the taxonomic classification of the Salix species studied.
Fig 1.
Pollen grains in equatorial view in S. myrsinifolia, S. retusa, S. starkeana, A-C; pollen grains in polar view in S. myrsinifolia, S. triandra, D-E; colpori with granulate membranes in S. triandra, S. hastata, S. purpurea, F-H.
Fig 2.
Reticulate exine ornamentation from types 1 and 2 with lumen, muri and free-standing columellae visible, A-H. A, S. alba; B, S. aurita; C, S. caprea; D, S. cinerea; E, S. daphnoides; F, S. dasyclados; G, S. eleagnos; H, S. fragilis.
Fig 3.
Reticulate exine ornamentation from types 1 and 2 with lumen, muri and free-standing columellae visible, A-H. A, S. hastata; B, S. alpina; C, S. lapponum; D, S. myrsinifolia; E, S. myrtilloides; F, S. pentandra; G, S. phylicifolia; H, S. purpurea.
Fig 4.
Reticulate exine ornamentation from types 1 and 2 with lumen, muri and free-standing columellae visible, A-H. A, S. repens; B, S. reticulata; C, S. retusa; D, S. silesiaca; E, S. starkeana; F, S. triandra; G, S. rosmarinifolia; H, S. viminalis.
Table 2.
Minimal, mean and maximal values as well as coefficient of variation (cv, in %) for all observed traits and for particular Salix species.
Fig 5.
Density plot of P by Salix species.
The range of violins mean minimal and maximal values for particular species. The points (crosses inside violins) are plotted along a line, with a kernel density smooth on either side to indicate the density of points along the line. Different colours are for different species.
Fig 6.
Density plot of P/E by Salix species.
The range of violins mean minimal and maximal values for particular species. The points (crosses inside violins) are plotted along a line, with a kernel density smooth on either side to indicate the density of points along the line. Different colours are for different species.
Fig 7.
Heatmap for linear Pearson’s correlation coefficients between eight morphological traits of studied Salix species.
P–the length of the polar axis, E–equatorial diameter, Le–the length of the ectoaperture, Ex–the exine thickness, P/E–the length of the polar axis and equatorial diameter ratio, Le/P–the length of the ectoaperture and the length of the polar axis ratio, Ex/P–the exine thickness and the length of the polar axis ratio, Ex/E–the exine thickness and equatorial diameter ratio (r0.05 = 0.40); colours mean level of correlation.
Fig 8.
Dendrogram of cluster groupings of Salix species based on all eight morphological traits: The length of the polar axis, equatorial diameter, the length of the ectoaperture, the exine thickness, the length of the polar axis and equatorial diameter ratio, the length of the ectoaperture and the length of the polar axis ratio, the exine thickness and the length of the polar axis ratio and the exine thickness and equatorial diameter ratio.
Table 3.
Mahalanobis distances between studied species of Salix.
Fig 9.
Biplot graph for studied species and observed traits of Salix.