Fig 1.
Screening, randomization, and completion of the 12-week intervention.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
Fig 2.
The effects of interventions on FPG (A), HbA1C (B), and C-P levels (C). FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; C-P, C-peptide levels; LSD, least-significant difference; ANCOVA, analysis of covariance.
Fig 3.
Relationship between the relative changes in the three biochemical parameters (FPG, HbA1C, and C-P level) and age (years(y)) in the control, qigong, and tai chi intervention groups for 12 weeks.
FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; C-P: C-peptide levels.
Fig 4.
Relationship between the relative changes in the three biochemical parameters (FPG, HbA1C, and C-P level) and duration of DM (years (y)) in the control, qigong, and tai chi intervention groups for 12 weeks.
FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; C-P: C-peptide levels; R: Correlation coefficient; DM: diabetes mellitus.
Fig 5.
Relationship between the relative changes in three biochemical parameters (FPG, HbA1C, and C-P level) and BMI (kg/m2) in the control, qigong, and tai chi intervention groups for 12 weeks.
FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; C-P: C-peptide levels; BMI: body mass index.
Fig 6.
Relationship between the relative changes in the three biochemical parameters (FPG, HbA1C, and C-P level) and WHtR in the control, qigong, and tai chi intervention groups for 12 weeks.
FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; C-P: C-peptide levels; WHtR: waist-to-height ratio; R: correlation coefficient.