Fig 1.
Finite element model of the intact and implanted lumbar spine: (A) Intact model, (B) SPIRE model with interbody cage, (C) TAU model with interbody cage, (D) Pedicle screw fixation model with interbody cage.
Table 1.
Material properties used in the finite element models.
Fig 2.
Range of motion for the intact and implanted lumbar models (Data were normalized with respect to the intact model as percentage values).
Table 2.
Biomechanical parameters among various surgical devices (Data were normalized with respect to the intact model as percentage values).
Fig 3.
Intradiscal pressure at adjacent levels in implanted lumbar models (Data were normalized with respect to the intact model as percentage values).
Fig 4.
Stress distribution at the (A) superior (L2-L3) and (B) inferior (L4-L5) adjacent level discs.
Fig 5.
Facet loads during extension at surgical and adjacent levels in implanted lumbar models (Data were normalized with respect to the intact model as percentage values).
Fig 6.
Features of the TAU device.