Fig 1.
Maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), average temperature (Tmean), and relative humidity (RH) during the growing season in 2017 (a) and 2018 (b) in Loudi, Hunan Province, China. The two red arrows indicate the start and end of the grain-filling stage (70–123 days after transplanting in 2017 and 71–125 days after transplanting in 2018).
Table 1.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of F-values for grain yield (GY), panicle number (P), spikelets per panicle (SP), seed-setting rate (SR), and grain weight (GW).
Table 2.
Effect of water treatments on grain yield and its components in 2017 and 2018.
Fig 2.
Absolute temperature differences between panicle and atmosphere (ATDP–A) (a and b), between leaf surface and atmosphere (ATDL–A) (c and d), and between canopy and atmosphere (ATDC–A) (e and f) in 2017 and 2018. CK, check; SW, shallow water; MS, mild stress; SS, severe stress; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu; YLY900, Y-Liangyou 900.
Fig 3.
Absolute temperature differences between soil at depths of 5 cm and atmosphere (ATD5S-A) (a and b), and between 12 cm and atmosphere (ATD12S-A) (c and d) in 2017 and 2018. CK, check; SW, shallow water; MS, mild stress; SS, severe stress; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu; YLY900, Y-Liangyou 900.
Fig 4.
Canopy relative humidity (CRH) under different treatments in 2017 (a) and 2018 (b). CK, check; SW, shallow water; MS, mild stress; SS, severe stress; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu; YLY900, Y-Liangyou 900.
Fig 5.
Leaf area index (LAI) at filling (a and b) and maturity (c and d) in 2017 and 2018. LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu; YLY900, Y-Liangyou 900.
Fig 6.
Correlations of grain yield with absolute temperature differences between the leaf surface and atmosphere(ATD L–A), between the panicle and atmosphere (ATD P–A), and between the canopy and atmosphere (ATD C–A) in Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ) (a, b, c) and Y-Liangyou 900 (YLY900) (d, e, f).
Fig 7.
Correlations of grain yield with absolute temperature differences between the soil at depths of 5 cm and atmosphere(ATD 5S–A), and between 12 cm and atmosphere (ATD 12S–A), in Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ) (a, b, c) and Y-Liangyou 900 (YLY900) (d, e, f).