Fig 1.
Geographical locations of the station within Seoul city’s boundaries (Contains information from OpenStreetMap and OpenStreetMap Foundation, which is made available under the Open Database License).
Table 1.
Geographical locations of the considered stations.
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the data used in the study.
Fig 2.
Diurnal differences in UHII magnitude between HW and NHW periods; average maximum UHII values.
(a) 2012 (b) 2016; maximum values (c) 2012 (d) 2016.
Fig 3.
Absolute humidity levels during HW and NHW periods.
(a) 2012 (b) 2016.
Fig 4.
Frequency of HW periods under different wind speed conditions in 2012.
(a) high wind speeds (b) medium wind speeds (c) low wind speeds (d) wind speed per LCZ.
Fig 5.
Frequency of HW periods under different wind speed conditions in 2016.
(a) high wind speeds (b) medium wind speeds (c) low wind speeds (d) wind speed per LCZ.
Fig 6.
Mean UHII values under different wind speed conditions.
(a) 2012 (b) 2016.
Fig 7.
Frequency of HW periods per LCZ.
(a) 2012 (b) 2016 and duration of HW periods per LCZ; (c) 2012 (d) 2016.
Fig 8.
Mean UHII values under different LCZs.
(a) 2012 (b) 2016.
Fig 9.
Wind speed distributions across different LCZs.
(a) 2012 (b) 2016.