Table 1.
Sequence of primers used for real-time quantitative PCR.
Fig 1.
Effects of CU06-1004 on metabolic parameter in mice with choline-deficient L-amino acid (CDAA) diet-induced NASH.
(A) Study design to assess the terapeutic effects of CU06-1004. (B) The body weight, (C) Glucose tolerance test (GTT) at 1 week before the end of the experiment, (D) Serum triglycerides (TG), (E) Serum total cholesterol (TC), (F) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and (G) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. # p < 0.05 vs. control group; * p < 0.05 vs. CDAA alone group; n = 10 mice/group.
Fig 2.
CU06-1004 reduces hepatic lipid accumulation in mice with CDAA diet-induced NASH mice.
(A) The representative photographs of livers. (B) Representative H&E-stained liver sections. (C) Ratio of liver weight to body weight, (D) Hepatic triglycerides (TG) and (E) Hepatic total cholesterol (TC). (F-I) Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of mRNA expression in liver of genes involved in lipogenesis. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. # p < 0.05 vs. control group; * p < 0.05 vs. CDAA alone group; n = 10 mice/group (A, C-E); n = 5 mice/group (B); n = 9 mice/group (F-I).
Fig 3.
CU06-1004 has anti-inflammatory effects in mice with CDAA diet-induced NASH.
(A-C) Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of mRNA expression in liver of genes involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines. (D) Immunohistochemical analysis of F4/80 in liver and (E) quantification of the stain-positive area. (F and G) Serum inflammatory cytokine levels. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. # p < 0.05 vs. control group; * p < 0.05 vs. CDAA alone group; n = 9 mice/group (A-C); n = 8 mice/group (D and E); n = 10 mice/group (F and G).
Fig 4.
CU06-1004 ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in mice with CDAA diet-induced NASH.
(A) Representative images of liver sections stained with picro-sirius red and (B) the stain-positive areas were quantified. (C) Immunohistochemical analysis of hepatic α-SMA content and (D) quantification of the stain-positive area. (E-G) Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of mRNA expression in liver of genes involved in fibrosis-related genes. (H) Hepatic hydroxyproline content. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. # p < 0.05 vs. control group; * p < 0.05 vs. CDAA alone group; n = 4 mice/group (A-D); n = 9 mice/group (E-G); n = 5 mice/group (H).
Fig 5.
CU06-1004 reduces LSEC capillarization in mice with CDAA diet-induced NASH.
(A and C) Immunohistochemical analysis of ICAM-1 and CD31 in liver and (B and D) quantification of the stain-positive area. (E-H) Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of mRNA expression in liver of genes involved in endothelial adhesion molecules-related genes. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. # p < 0.05 vs. control group; * p < 0.05 vs. CDAA alone group; n = 5 mice/group (A-D); n = 9 mice/group (E-H).