Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics.
Fig 1.
An 83-year-old woman with stage 2 RAP with PED at the time of the initial treatment.
At the initial treatment, the BCVA (Snellen equivalent) was 1.0 decimal VA (20/20) in the right eye with stage 2 RAP with PED. (A) A red-free fundus photograph shows intraretinal hemorrhage, drusen, and PED in the macular area. (B) An early-phase ICGA image shows retinal–retinal anastomosis and an RAP lesion as a focal area of intense hyperfluorescence (hot spot, arrow). (C) An SW-AF image shows no abnormalities corresponding to the RAP lesion on ICGA (arrow). (D) An NIR-AF image shows hypoautofluorescence (arrow) corresponding to the RAP lesion on the ICGA image. (E) A horizontal OCT image shows cystoid macular edema, serous retinal detachment, and PED. Fluorescein angiography-guided photodynamic therapy was applied (laser spot size, 2,400 μm) 2 days after an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab followed by additional intravitreal injections of ranibizumab once per month for the next 2 months.
Fig 2.
A 76-year-old woman with stage 2 RAP at the time of the initial treatment.
At the initial treatment, the BCVA (Snellen equivalent) was 0.7 decimal VA (20/29) in the left eye with stage 2 RAP. (A) A red-free fundus photograph shows drusen at the macular area. (B) An early-phase ICGA image shows retinal-retinal anastomosis and RAP lesions as a focal area of intense hyperfluorescence (hot spots, arrows). (C) An SW-AF image shows a minute spot of hypoautofluorescence corresponding to one of the RAP lesions on the ICGA (arrow) image. (D) An NIR-AF image shows hypoautofluorescence (arrows) corresponding to all of the RAP lesions in the ICGA image. (E) A horizontal OCT image shows cystoid macular edema and elevation of the RPE line. Fluorescein angiography-guided photodynamic therapy was applied (laser spot size, 2,050 μm) 2 days after an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, followed by additional intravitreal injections of ranibizumab that were administered once per month for the next 2 months.
Table 2.
Abnormalities corresponding to the RAP lesions on indocyanine green angiography (100 eyes).
Fig 3.
SW-AF and NIR-AF images obtained 37 months before the onset of RAP lesions.
Thirty-seven months before the initial treatment in the case shown in Fig 1. The arrows in A, B, and C correspond to the RAP lesions on the baseline ICGA images. (A) An SW-AF image shows no abnormalities (arrow). (B) An NIR-AF image shows hypoautofluorescence (arrow). (C) A horizontal OCT image shows bulging of the RPE line and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) (black arrow).
Fig 4.
SW-AF and NIR-AF images obtained 24 months before the onset of RAP lesions.
Twenty-four months before the initial treatment in the case in Fig 2. The arrows in A, B, and C correspond to the RAP lesions on the ICGA images at baseline. (A) An SW-AF image shows undetermined abnormalities (arrow). (B) An NIR-AF image clearly shows hypoautofluorescence (arrows). (C) A horizontal OCT image shows bulging of the RPE line and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) (black arrow).
Table 3.
Abnormalities before the onset of RAP lesions (18 eyes).