Fig 1.
The phylogenetic tree of rhodopsin-like gene expression of Guillardia theta (indicated in bold green) with representative microbial rhodopsins.
Percentage of replicate trees higher than 80, in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test, is shown next to the branches. Guillardia theta rhodopsins whose activity has already been reported are marked by the red underlines.BR: bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum, AR1: archaerhodopsin-1 from Halorubrum chaoviator, AR2: archaerhodopsin-2 from Halobacterium sp. AUS-2, AR-3: archaerhodopsin-3 from Halorubrum sadomense, MR: middle rhodopsin from Haloquadratum walsbyi, HwBR: bacteriorhodopsin from Haloquadratum walsbyi, HsSRI: sensory rhodopsin I from Halobacterium salinarum, HvSRI: sensory rhodopsin I from Haloarcula vallismortis ATCC 29715, HsSRII: sensory rhodopsin II from Halobacterium salinarum, NpSRII: sensory rhodopsin II from Natronomonas pharaonis, SrSRI: sensory rhodopsin I from Salinibacter ruber M8, HsHR: halorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum, NpHR: halorhodopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis, SrHR: halorhodopsin from Salinibacter ruber DSM 13855, ChR1: channelrhodopsin 1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, ChR2: channelrhodopsin 2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, GlPR: proteorhodopsin from Gillisia limnaea, KR1: proteorhodopsin from Krokinobacter eikastus, NdR1: proteorhodopsin from Nonlabens dokdonensis, GPR: Proteorhodopsin from uncultured marine gamma proteobacterium, BPR: Blue-absorbing Proteorhodopsin from uncultured gamma proteobacterium, ESR: proteorhodopsin from Exiguobacterium sibiricum, TR: thermophilic rhodopsin from Thermus thermophiles, XR: xanthorhodopsin from Salinibacter ruber, GR: Gloeobacter rhodopsin from Gloeobacter violaceus, C. JLT1363 ClR: bacterial chloride pump rhodopsin (ClR) from Citromicrobium sp. JLT1363, CbClR: ClR from C. bathyomarinum, FR: ClR from Fulvimarina pelagi, SbClR: ClR from Sphingopyxis baekryungensis, NmClR: ClR from Nonlabens marinus, PmNaR: sodium pump rhodopsin (NaR) from Phycisphaera mikurensis, LaNaR: NaR from Lyngbya aestuarii, TrNaR1 and 2: Truepera radiovictrix NaR1 and 2, MsNaR: NaR from Micromonospora sp. CNB394, DsNaR: NaR from Desulfofustis sp. PB-SRB1, IaNaR: NaR from Indibacter alkaliphilus, K. 4H-3-7-5 NaR: NaR from Krokinobacter sp. 4H-3-7-5, KR2: NaR from Krokinobacter eikastus, DsNaR: NaR from Dokdonia sp. PRO95, NsNaR: NaR from Nonlabens sp. YIK-SED-11, FsNaR: NaR from Flagellimonas sp., NdNaR: NaR form Nonlabens dokdonensis.
Fig 2.
Representative Guillardia theta cells grown in different nitrogen conditions.
Left; Normal C/N condition, Middle; C depletion, Right; N depletion.
Fig 3.
Effect of nitrogen condition on growth of Guillardia theta.
a; The effect to growth rate, b; The effect to chlorophyll a content. Data are the mean value of three experimental replicates (±SD).
Fig 4.
Effect of nitrogen condition on rhodopsin-like gene expression of Guillardia theta.
a; genes of which expression levels increased in N depletion, b; genes of which expression levels decreased in N depletion. Data are the mean value of three experimental replicates. The error bar shows the lower and upper bound of the fold-change.
Table 1.
Nitrogen concentration of culture condition.
Table 2.
Primer sequences for amplification of full-length microbial rhodopsin genes.
Table 3.
Primer sequences for RT-qPCR.