Table 1.
Summary of probit analysis results and estimated Lethal Concentrations (LC50 and LC90) of the chemical insecticides tested on Trichogramma brassicae juvenile stages within Tuta absoluta eggs.
Table 2.
Life table parameters (means ± SE) estimated for Trichogramma brassicae developed on Tuta absoluta eggs sprayed with a low lethal concentration of 25% at three-time intervals.
Fig 1.
Age-stage specific survival rate (Sxj) of the T. brassicae exposed to different pesticides 48 hours after spraying, A: Abamectin, B: Chlorantraniliprole, C: Indoxacarb, D: Spinosad, E: M. anisopliae, F: control.
Fig 2.
Age-specific survival rate (lxj), female age-specific fecundity (fxj), age-specific fecundity of the total population (mx) and age-specific maternity (lxmx) of the T. brassicae exposed to different pesticides 48 hours after spraying, A: Abamectin, B: Chlorantraniliprole, C: Indoxacarb, D: Spinosad, E: M. anisopliae, F: control.
Fig 3.
Age-stage specific life expectancy (Exj) of the T. brassicae exposed to different pesticides 48 hours after spraying, A: Abamectin, B: Chlorantraniliprole, C: Indoxacarb, D: Spinosad, E: M. anisopliae, F: control.
Fig 4.
Age-stage reproductive value (Vxj) of the T. brassicae exposed to different pesticides 48 hours after spraying, A: Abamectin, B: Chlorantraniliprole, C: Indoxacarb, D: Spinosad, E: M. anisopliae, F: control.
Table 3.
The mortality rates of Tuta absoluta in an integrated system including the parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae + the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, or the chemical insecticides spinosad, abamectin, indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole.