Fig 1.
AF, atrial fibrillation; HCMP, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; OAC, oral anticoagulant; VTE, venous thromboembolism. * Patients were required to have made at least one inpatient claim/two outpatient claims with a diagnosis of ICD-10 code I48 (atrial fibrillation and flutter) within 8.5 years prior to or on the index date. ** No OACs (apixaban/dabigatran/rivaroxaban/warfarin) should have been prescribed 1 year prior to the index date.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients who were prescribed warfarin and NOACs.
Fig 2.
Crude cumulative incidence curves.
(A) stroke/systemic embolism, (B) major bleeding, (C) intracranial hemorrhage and (D) gastrointestinal bleeding.
Fig 3.
Hazard ratios for stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, intracranial haemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants relative to warfarin.
NOACs, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. 1) Obtained using inverse probability of treatment weighting. The patient group treated with warfarin served as the reference. * Reported hazard ratio at 1 year since the proportional hazard assumption was violated.
Table 2.
Number of events and crude and adjusted event rates of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants or warfarin users.
Fig 4.
Subgroup analyses for the comparisons of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding between the three non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin.
(A) apixaban vs warfarin, (B) dabigatran vs warfarin, (C) rivaroxaban vs warfarin. CHA2DS2-VASc, score based on congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65–74 years and sex; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HAS-BLED, score based on hypertension/abnormal renal and liver function/stroke/bleeding/labile international normalized ratio/elderly/drugs/alcohol; NOACs, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. The P value is for the interaction.
Table 3.
Summary of the crude event rates for stroke in the main analysis and the two sensitivity analyses.