Fig 1.
Structure of I-PD controller.
Fig 2.
Structure of PID controller.
Fig 3.
Rate of convergence for different algorithms.
Table 1.
Comparative performance for different indices criteria.
Table 2.
Values of Fitness Dependent Optimizer parameters.
Table 3.
Optimum gains of PID /I-PD controllers optimized with different methods for reheat thermal unit.
Table 4.
Optimum gains of PID /I-PD controllers optimized with different methods for hydro power unit.
Table 5.
Optimum gains of PID /I-PD controllers optimized with different methods for gas generation unit.
Table 6.
Optimum values of I-PD/ PID controllers tuned with various techniques for power system.
Fig 4.
Two-area model with reheat thermal power system.
Fig 5.
Results for reheat thermal unit in area 1 with PID controller.
Fig 6.
Results for reheat thermal unit in area 2 with PID controller.
Fig 7.
Results for reheat thermal unit in area 1 with I-PD controller.
Fig 8.
Results for reheat thermal unit in area 2 with I-PD controller.
Fig 9.
Results for reheat thermal unit of tie-line power with PID controller.
Fig 10.
Results for reheat thermal unit of tie-line power with I-PD controller.
Table 7.
Parameter setting for two-area interconnected power system [13].
Table 8.
Comparative performance between different algorithms for reheat thermal with two-area power system.
Fig 11.
Two-area model with hydro power unit.
Fig 12.
Results for hydro power unit in area 1 with PID controller.
Fig 13.
Results for hydro power unit in area 2 with PID controller.
Fig 14.
Results for hydro power unit in area 1 with I-PD controller.
Fig 15.
Results for hydro power unit in area 2 with I-PD controller.
Fig 16.
Results for hydro power unit of tie-line power with PID controller.
Fig 17.
Results for hydro power unit of tie-line power with I-PD controller.
Table 9.
Comparative performance between different algorithms for two-area hydro power system.
Fig 18.
Two-area model with gas power system.
Fig 19.
Results for gas unit in area 1 with PID controller.
Fig 20.
Results for gas unit in area 2 with PID controller.
Fig 21.
Results for gas unit in area 1 with I-PD controller.
Fig 22.
Results for gas unit in area 2 with I-PD controller.
Fig 23.
Results for gas unit of tie-line power with PID controller.
Fig 24.
Results for gas unit of tie-line power with I-PD controller.
Table 10.
Comparative performance between different algorithms for two-area gas power system.
Fig 25.
Two-area with multi-source power system.
Fig 26.
Results for multi-source in area 1 with PID controller.
Fig 27.
Results for multi-source in area 2 with PID controller.
Fig 28.
Results for multi-source in area 1 with I-PD controller.
Fig 29.
Results for multi-source in area 2 with I-PD controller.
Fig 30.
Results for multi-source of tie-line power with PID controller.
Fig 31.
Results for multi-source of tie-line power with I-PD controller.
Fig 32.
Comparison in sense of improvement% with reference DE-PID [11].
Table 11.
Comparative performance between different algorithms for two-area multi-source power system.
Fig 33.
Results for variation in R with ΔF1.
Fig 34.
Results for variation in R with ΔF2.
Fig 35.
Results for variation in R with ΔPtie.
Fig 36.
Results for variation in Tg with ΔF1.
Fig 37.
Results for variation in Tg with ΔF2.
Fig 38.
Results for variation in Tg with ΔPtie.
Fig 39.
Results for variation in Tt with ΔF1.
Fig 40.
Results for variation in Tt with ΔF2.
Fig 41.
Results for variation in Tt with ΔPtie.