Fig 1.
Fig 1 shows the process of selecting relevant studies from 41138 records. After removing 3476 duplicates, 37662 records were screened; 37602 of the records were excluded based on the title and abstract. Full texts of 60 potential eligible articles were retrieved and reviewed for inclusion. Of the 60 records, 17 studies met our inclusion criteria and 43 studies were excluded.
Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies: Face masking, hand hygiene and multicomponent intervention (face masking and hand hygiene).
Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies: Social distancing intervention.
Fig 2.
Fig 2 shows the risk of bias graph for the randomised control trials studies.
Table 3.
ROBINS-I risk of bias summary: Review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias domain for each included study.
Fig 3.
Face mask intervention only in management of an outbreak disease.
Fig 3 shows the effect of face mask intervention in preventing influenza and SARS viruses among population.
Fig 4.
Hand hygiene intervention only in management of an outbreak disease.
Fig 4 shows the effect of hand hygiene intervention in preventing influenza and SARS viruses among population.
Fig 5.
Face mask and hand hygiene vs hand hygiene only.
Fig 5 shows the no-effect of face mask and hand hygiene intervention compared to hand hygiene only in preventing influenza among population.
Fig 6.
Face mask and hand hygiene versus control group (no intervention).
Fig 6 shows the effect of face mask and hand hygiene intervention compared to no intervention in preventing influenza among population.
Fig 7.
Barriers to, and enablers of, community measures and control of COVID-19.
Fig 7 shows the summary on the current barriers and enablers to achieve implementation of the community interventions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.